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PSY 200 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a trait ?

A

An enduring predispostion that influences our behaviour across many situations

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2
Q

What are nomothetic approaches ?

A

Seek general principles in nature, rather than princles specific to an individual

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3
Q

What are idiographic approaches ?

A

Focuses on identifying the unique configuration of charactersitics and life history experiences

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4
Q

What is the goal of molecular genetic studies ?

A

To pinpoint the genes associated with traits

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5
Q

What is psychic determinism ?

A

Psychological events have a cause

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6
Q

What is the id ?

A

basic instincts, need for immediate gratification (pleasure principle)

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7
Q

What is the ego ?

A

principal decision maker

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8
Q

What is the superego ?

A

sense of morality, delays the search for gratification until there is an appropriate outlet ( reality principle)

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9
Q

What is style of life ?

A

Each individuals was of acheiving superiority

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10
Q

What is inferiority complex ?

A

Low self-esteem that can lead to overcompensation

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11
Q

What is collective unconscious ?

A

Shared storehouse of memories that ancestors have passed down to us across generation

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12
Q

What are archetypes ?

A

cross-culturally universal symbols

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13
Q

What is reciprocal determinism ?

A

people influence each other’s behaviour

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14
Q

What is self-actualization ?

A

Drive to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent

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15
Q

What are conditions of worth ?

A

Expectations we place on ourselves

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16
Q

What are peak experiences ?

A

transcendent moment of intense excitement and tranquility marked by a profound sense of connection to the world

17
Q

What is factor analysis ?

A

Statistical technique that analyzes the correaltions among responses on personality onventories and other measures

18
Q

What is a lexical approach ?

A

Looked for basis of personality in language

19
Q

What are structured personality tests?

A

Paper-and-pencil tests consisting of questions you respond to in one of a few fixed ways

20
Q

What is the rational/theoretical method ?

A

Test developers beging with a clear-cut conceptualization of a trait and then write items to assess it

21
Q

What are projective tests ?

A

Ask examinees to interpret or make sense of ambiguous stimuli

22
Q

What is the projective hypothesis ?

A

When interpreting ambiguous stimuli, people project aspects of their personality

23
Q

What is the Rorschach Inkblot test ?

A

Consists of ten symmetrical inkblots, five in black-and-white and five containing colour

24
Q

What is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) ?

A

Requires subject to construct a story based on pictures

25
Q

What is Repression ?

A

Motivated forgetting memories of emotionally threatening memories or impulses

26
Q

What is Denial ?

A

Motivated forgetting of distressing experiences

27
Q

What is Reaction-Formation ?

A

Transforming an anxiety-producing experience into its opposite

28
Q

What is Projection ?

A

Unconscious attribution of our negative qualities onto others

29
Q

What is Displacement ?

A

Directing an impulse from a socially unacceptable target onto a more acceptable one

30
Q

What is Rationalization ?

A

Providing reasonable-sounding explanations for unreasonable behaviours or failures

31
Q

What is Intellectualization ?

A

Avoiding the emotions associated with anxiety-prokoing experiences by focusing on abstract and impersonal thoughts

32
Q

What is Sublimation ?

A

Transforming a socially unacceptable impulse into an admired and socially valued goal

33
Q

What is the Oral stage ?

A
  • Birth to 12-18 months
  • Sucking and drinking
34
Q

What is the Anal stage ?

A
  • 18 months to 3 years
  • Alleviating tension by expelling feces
35
Q

What is the Phallic stage ?

A
  • 3 years to 6 years
  • Genitals (penis or clitoris)
36
Q

What is the Latency stage ?

A
  • 6 years to 12 years
  • Dormant sexual stage
37
Q

What is the Genital stage ?

A
  • 12 years and beyond
  • Renewed sexual impulses; emergence of mature romantic relationships

PSY 200 (4 decks)

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