Chapter 14 Flashcards
proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease
medical model of psychology
involves identifying one illness from another
diagnosis
the apparent causes/developmental history of the illness
etiology
forecast about the probable course/outcome of the disorder
prognosis
long lasting pain
chronic
rapid onset/brief course pain
acute
discrete periods of illness separated by wellness
episodic
abnormal behavior
deviance, maladaptive behavior, personal distress
what do judgements about mental illness reflect
prevailing cultural values, social trends, and political forces
marked by chronic high level of anxiety that isn’t tied to a specific threat
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation the presents no realistic danger
phobias
marked fear of going out in public
agoraphobia
anxiety about a social situation
social anxiety disorder
periods of intense fear/discomfort, developed abruptly within 10 mins
panic attack
recurrent panic attack that usually occur suddenly
panic disorder
persistent, uncomfortable intrusion of unwanted thought, and/or urges to participate in senseless rituals
OCD
flashbacks, avoidance, easily startled
PTSD
biological factors of anxiety disorders
weak-to-moderate genetic disposition
neurochemical activity
conditioning and learning of anxiety disorders
anxiety responses may be acquired through classical conditioning and maintained by operant conditioning
conditioning and learning etiology of anxiety disorders
certain ways of thinking may make people vulnerable to anxiety disorders
a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity
dissociative disorders
sudden loss of memory for important information that is too excessive to be due to normal forgetting
dissociative amnesia
the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities
dissociative identity disorder
a class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances that may spill over to disrupt physical, social, and thought processes
mood disorders
people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure
major depressive disorder
loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure
anhedonia
marked by the experience of both depressed and manic episodes
bipolar disorder
etiology of mood disorders
genetic vulnerability, neurochemical factors, interpersonal factors, stress, cognitive factors
passive behaviors produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events
learned helplessness
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and speech, deterioration of adaptive behaviors
schizophrenia
symptoms of schizophrenia
distorted perceptions, disturbed emotions
positive symptoms: abnormal things that are present when they shouldn’t be
negative symptoms: absence of healthy things
etiology of schizophrenia
highly genetic, neurochemistry
excessive dopamine, marijuana use
brain structure: enlarged ventricles
stress
schizophrenia is caused in part by various disruptions in the normal maturational processes of the brain before or at birth
the neurodevelopmental hypothesis
profound impairment of social interaction and communication and severely restricted interest and activities
autism
symptoms of autism
lack of interest in others
failure to make eye contact
speech difficulty/repeating others
repetitiveness/inflexibility
extreme inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functions
personality disorders
type a personality disorders
odd/eccentric
type b personality disorders
dramatic
type c personality disorders
anxious
impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and impulsive behavior
antisocial personality disorder
instability in social relationships, self image, and emotional functions
impulsivity
intense, unpredictable, sporadic emotional experiences
fear of abandonment
risk of self injury
borderline personality disorder
grandiose sense of self-importance, sense of entitlement, and an excessive need for attention and admiration
narcissistic personality disorder
etiology of narcissistic personality disorder
genetic predisposition and environmental factors
severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight and unhealthy efforts to control weight
eating disorders
characterized by intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose weight
anorexia nervosa
habitually engaging in binge-eating followed by compensatory behaviors: vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives, diuretics, and excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa
involves distress-inducing eating binges
binge-eating disorder
etiology of eating disorders
personality
genetics
culture
rigid thinking
