Chapter 14

Question 1

proposes that it is useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease

Answer 1

medical model of psychology

Question 2

involves identifying one illness from another

Answer 2

diagnosis

Question 3

the apparent causes/developmental history of the illness

Answer 3

etiology

Question 4

forecast about the probable course/outcome of the disorder

Answer 4

prognosis

Question 5

long lasting pain

Answer 5

chronic

Question 6

rapid onset/brief course pain

Answer 6

acute

Question 7

discrete periods of illness separated by wellness

Answer 7

episodic

Question 8

abnormal behavior

Answer 8

deviance, maladaptive behavior, personal distress

Question 9

what do judgements about mental illness reflect

Answer 9

prevailing cultural values, social trends, and political forces

Question 10

marked by chronic high level of anxiety that isn’t tied to a specific threat

Answer 10

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Question 11

persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation the presents no realistic danger

Answer 11

phobias

Question 12

marked fear of going out in public

Answer 12

agoraphobia

Question 13

anxiety about a social situation

Answer 13

social anxiety disorder

Question 14

periods of intense fear/discomfort, developed abruptly within 10 mins

Answer 14

panic attack

Question 15

recurrent panic attack that usually occur suddenly

Answer 15

panic disorder

Question 16

persistent, uncomfortable intrusion of unwanted thought, and/or urges to participate in senseless rituals

Answer 16

OCD

Question 17

flashbacks, avoidance, easily startled

Answer 17

PTSD

Question 18

biological factors of anxiety disorders

Answer 18

weak-to-moderate genetic disposition
neurochemical activity

Question 19

conditioning and learning of anxiety disorders

Answer 19

anxiety responses may be acquired through classical conditioning and maintained by operant conditioning

Question 20

conditioning and learning etiology of anxiety disorders

Answer 20

certain ways of thinking may make people vulnerable to anxiety disorders

Question 21

a class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity

Answer 21

dissociative disorders

Question 22

sudden loss of memory for important information that is too excessive to be due to normal forgetting

Answer 22

dissociative amnesia

Question 23

the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities

Answer 23

dissociative identity disorder

Question 24

a class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances that may spill over to disrupt physical, social, and thought processes

Answer 24

mood disorders

Question 25

people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

Answer 25

major depressive disorder

Question 26

loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

Answer 26

anhedonia

Question 27

marked by the experience of both depressed and manic episodes

Answer 27

bipolar disorder

Question 28

etiology of mood disorders

Answer 28

genetic vulnerability, neurochemical factors, interpersonal factors, stress, cognitive factors

Question 29

passive behaviors produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events

Answer 29

learned helplessness

Question 30

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and speech, deterioration of adaptive behaviors

Answer 30

schizophrenia

Question 31

symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 31

distorted perceptions, disturbed emotions positive symptoms: abnormal things that are present when they shouldn't be negative symptoms: absence of healthy things

Question 32

etiology of schizophrenia

Answer 32

highly genetic, neurochemistry excessive dopamine, marijuana use brain structure: enlarged ventricles stress

Question 33

schizophrenia is caused in part by various disruptions in the normal maturational processes of the brain before or at birth

Answer 33

the neurodevelopmental hypothesis

Question 34

profound impairment of social interaction and communication and severely restricted interest and activities

Answer 34

autism

Question 35

symptoms of autism

Answer 35

lack of interest in others failure to make eye contact speech difficulty/repeating others repetitiveness/inflexibility

Question 36

extreme inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functions

Answer 36

personality disorders

Question 37

type a personality disorders

Answer 37

odd/eccentric

Question 38

type b personality disorders

Answer 38

dramatic

Question 39

type c personality disorders

Answer 39

anxious

Question 40

impulsive, callous, manipulative, aggressive, and impulsive behavior

Answer 40

antisocial personality disorder

Question 41

instability in social relationships, self image, and emotional functions impulsivity intense, unpredictable, sporadic emotional experiences fear of abandonment risk of self injury

Answer 41

borderline personality disorder

Question 42

grandiose sense of self-importance, sense of entitlement, and an excessive need for attention and admiration

Answer 42

narcissistic personality disorder

Question 43

etiology of narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 43

genetic predisposition and environmental factors

Question 44

severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight and unhealthy efforts to control weight

Answer 44

eating disorders

Question 45

characterized by intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose weight

Answer 45

anorexia nervosa

Question 46

habitually engaging in binge-eating followed by compensatory behaviors: vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives, diuretics, and excessive exercise

Answer 46

bulimia nervosa

Question 47

involves distress-inducing eating binges

Answer 47

binge-eating disorder

Question 48

etiology of eating disorders

Answer 48

personality genetics culture rigid thinking