Chapter 13B, Plant Anatomy

Question 0

Tissue cells have thick cell walls and live for many years

Answer 0

Woody

Question 1

Plants are classified into two parts

Answer 1

Woody and herbaceous

Question 2

Tissue cell walls are thin and live for only one year

Answer 2

Herbaceous

Question 3

Supports herbaceous structures

Answer 3

Turgor pressure

Question 4

Two groups of plant organs and examples of each

Answer 4

Vegetative: leaves, roots, and stems
Reproductive: flowers, fruits, and seeds

Question 5

Plant tissues are grouped into four categories

Answer 5

Meristematic, vascular, dermal, and structural (ground)

Question 6

What is meristematic tissue

Answer 6

Plant cells capable of mitosis generally found in the growing parts of plants (buds, tips of roots and stems, and herbaceous vascular bundles)

Question 7

What is vascular tissue

Answer 7

Complex: composed of different types of cells
Xylem: conducts water and minerals upward
Phloem: conducts downward

Question 8

What is structural tissue

Answer 8

Produces and stores food while protecting and supporting the plant

Question 9

Primary and secondary functions of leaves

Answer 9

Primary: photosynthesis
Secondary: protect plant, store water, and catch insects

Question 10

Three parts of a leaf

Answer 10

Blade: large flattened area
Petiole: stalk connecting leaf to stem. Without it, the leaf is sessile
Stipules: winglike thin tissue covering the leaf while forming attached to the petiole

Question 11

Leaf edges are called…give examples

Answer 11

Margins…entire, undulate, dentate, and serrate

Question 12

Leaf venation has two categories and subcategories

Answer 12

Parallel (monocots)
Netted (dicots)
- pinnate: veins branch off one central vein (midrib)
- palmate: two or more veins come from a single point

Question 13

Types of leaves

Answer 13

Simple: one blade on one petiole
Compound: divided leaf on one petiole
Pinnately compound: leaflets are arranged down the midrib
Palmately compound: leaflets originate from the same point
Bipinnately compound: leaflets are arranged on secondary veins too

Question 14

One cell thick on top and bottom of leaf lacking chlorophyll and providing protection

Answer 14

Epidermis

Question 15

Extensions of epidermal cells that can secrete odor or provide defense

Answer 15

Epidermal hairs

Question 16

Waxy substance on epidermis preventing water loss

Answer 16

Cuticle

Question 17

Opening on the bottom of the leaf allowing the exchange of gasses

Answer 17

Stomata

Question 18

Cells that open and close the stomata with turgor pressure

Answer 18

Guard cells

Question 19

Between upper and lower epidermis; primary photosynthesis area

Answer 19

Parenchyma tissue

Question 20

Upper layer of parenchyma; compact cells increase surface area for maximum photosynthesis

Answer 20

Palisade mesophyll

Question 21

Lower layer of parenchyma; spaced out for gas exchange. Lighter green from lack of chloroplasts

Answer 21

Spongy mesophyll

Question 22

Thick walled tissues around vascular tissues in leaf

Answer 22

Sclerenchyma

Question 23

Sugars and starches reach the phloem by

Answer 23

Diffusion

Question 24

Four purposes of roots

Answer 24

An anchor Absorb water and dissolved minerals Transport water and dissolved minerals Stores food

Question 25

Two types of root systems

Answer 25

Taproot: one main root with secondary roots splitting off it Fibrous: lacks a taproot but has many secondary

Question 26

Two types of growth

Answer 26

Primary: length Secondary: width

Question 27

Tip of root

Answer 27

Root cap

Question 28

Three root regions

Answer 28

Meristematic: primary growth Elongation: cells extend Maturation: tissue differentiation

Question 29

Tissues in the root are made by what and where

Answer 29

By the apical meristem just above the maturation region

Question 30

Outgrowth of epidermal cells of the root that seek water in the soil

Answer 30

Root hairs

Question 31

Region of thin walled parenchyma cells that store food just inside the epidermis

Answer 31

The cortex

Question 32

Single cell layer inside the cortex regulating the passage of substances into the vascular tissues

Answer 32

Endodermis

Question 33

Layer of meristematic tissue in a root between the vascular tissue and endodermis

Answer 33

Pericycle

Question 34

Layer of meristematic tissue between the xylem and phloem that produces more xylem and phloem

Answer 34

Vascular cambium

Question 35

Central area of the young root containing the xylem and phloem

Answer 35

Vascular cylinder

Question 36

Secondary growth of roots in monocots and herbaceous annuals

Answer 36

They do not grow in diameter