Chapter 13 Vocab

Question 1

Hybridization

Answer 1

Breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms

Question 2

Inbreeding

Answer 2

Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics

Question 3

Genetic engineering

Answer 3

Process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms

Question 4

Restriction enzyme

Answer 4

Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

Question 5

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 5

Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel

Question 6

Recombinant DNA

Answer 6

DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources

Question 7

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 7

Technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular gene

Question 8

Plasmid

Answer 8

Circular DNA molecule found in bacteria

Question 9

Genetic maker

Answer 9

Gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry a plasmid with foreign DNA from those that don’t

Question 10

Transgenic

Answer 10

Term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from other organisms

Question 11

Clone

Answer 11

Member of a population of genetically identical organisms produced from a single cell

Question 12

Selective breeding

Answer 12

Method of improving a species by allowing only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation