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Biology > 1st Semester Exam > Flashcards

1st Semester Exam Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an controlled experiment

A

An experiment where only one variable is changed at a time

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2
Q

How does science differ from other disciplines

A

Science relies strictly on facts or things that can be proven

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3
Q

When is a hypothesis useful

A

When it is testable

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4
Q

The work of scientists begins with…

A

Careful observations

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5
Q

What is an observation

A

Process of gathering information

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6
Q

What is homeostasis

A

When an organism maintains a stable internal condition

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7
Q

Where may a hypothesis come from

A

Prior knowledge, observations, logical inferences

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8
Q

What is an inference

A

A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge

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9
Q

What is not a goal of science or how science works

A

Something you can’t prove

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10
Q

What is spontaneous generation

A

The idea that life could arise from nonliving matter

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11
Q

Why do scientists need to publish the details of important work

A

So other scientists can replicate each other’s experiments and further test them

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12
Q

What is osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable solution

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13
Q

What is biology

A

The study of life

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14
Q

What are ribosomes

A

Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout cytoplasm; where proteins are assembled

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15
Q

What is the cell wall

A

Strong, supporting layer around the cell

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16
Q

A tissue is composed of what

A

Individual or similar cells

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17
Q

What is the cell membrane

A

Thin, flexible barrier around the cell that regulates what comes in and out of the cell

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18
Q

What are chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures in the nucleus that contain genetic info that is passed from one generation of cells to the next

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19
Q

What is a theory

A

When a hypothesis becomes so well supported

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20
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of living things

A

Living things are made up of units called cells, reproduce, are based on a universal genetic code, grow and develop, obtain and use materials and energy, respond to their environment, maintain a stable internal condition, and change over time

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21
Q

What is the nucleus

A

Found in the center of the cell, control center of the cell, and contains protons and neutrons

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22
Q

What is cell culture

A

A group of cells that develop from a single original cell

23
Q

What is metabolism

A

When an organism builds up or breaks down materials

24
Q

What is the mitochondria

A

“Powerhouse” of the cell, where the cell gets its energy

25
Q

What is a compound light microscope

A

A microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to for an image

26
Q

What is the chloroplast

A

Works with the mitochondria to provide the cell with energy

27
Q

What is a microscope

A

A tool that magnifies objects that are to small to see with the unaided eye

28
Q

What is cell fractionation

A

The process used to separate the different cell parts

29
Q

What three particles make up the atom and what is their charges and where are they found

A

Protons-positive, in the nucleus; neutrons-neutral, in the nucleus; electrons-negative, orbits around the nucleus

30
Q

What are lysosomes

A

Remove waste and unwanted materials from the cell

31
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus

A

Makes proteins using coded instructions from the nucleus

32
Q

Function of the cytoskeleton

A

Gives the cell it’s shape

33
Q

Function of the cell wall

A

To support and protect the cell

34
Q

What did Democritus believe about atoms

A

Cannot be divided

35
Q

What doesn’t have a cell wall

A

Animal cell

36
Q

Difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes don’t

37
Q

What are isotopes

A

Different number of neutrons

38
Q

What are species

A

Similar organisms that can breed and produce offspring

39
Q

What is the levels of organization

A

Species, populations, community, biome, biosphere

40
Q

Who was Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A

First person to use a microscope to study nature

41
Q

What is a community

A

All the populations that live together in a defined area

42
Q

Who was Robert Hooke

A

Discovered cells by looking at a cork through a microscope

43
Q

What is a biosphere

A

Contains the combined portions of the plant in which all life exists including land, water, and air

44
Q

What are covalent and ionic bonds

A

Covalent bonds share electrons between atoms, ionic bonds transfer electrons between atoms

45
Q

What are autotrophs and heterotrophs

A

Autotrophs make their own food, producers; heterotrophs rely on other organisms for food, consumers

46
Q

What are food chains

A

Series of steps in an ecosystem where organisms transfer energy by eating other organisms. Only 10% of energy is transferred to the next level and the rest is lost as heat

47
Q

What are food webs

A

All the food chains in an ecosystem

48
Q

What is a biome

A

A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities

49
Q

What are populations

A

Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

50
Q

What are two ways water enters the atmosphere in the water cycle

A

Evaporation and transpiration

51
Q

Know first 10 elements and their number of protons, neutrons, and electrons

A

.

52
Q

Know plant cell

A

.

53
Q

What is the goal of science

A

To investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions

Biology (15 decks)

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