chapter 13 vocab Flashcards
transcription
the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA
RNA polymerase
very large enzymes composed of many proteins that play a variety of roles in the transcription process
messenger RNA
an intermediate message that is tranlated to form a protein
Ribosomal RNA
forms part of a ribosome a cells protein factory
Transfer RNA
brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein
Translation
the process that converts or translates an mRNA into a chain of amino acids
Polypeptide
a chain of amino acids
codon
a 3-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid
anticodon
a set of 3 nucleotides that;s complimentary to an mRNA codon
promoter
a DNA segment that allows a gene to be transcribed
operator
a DNA segment that turns a gene “on” or “off”
operon
a region of DNA that includes a promoter
exon
nucleotide segments that code for parts of the protein
intron
nucleotoid segments that intervene or occur between exons
mutation
a change in an organisms DNA
point mutation
a mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted fro another
frameshift mutation
involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotide in the DNA sequence
chromosome mutation
a heritable change in the structure of a chromosome, such as translocations or deletions, that can cause alterations in the genetic material
