Chapter 13 (Tuna)

Question 1

Effective fishing method for species that school near the surface; a large net is encircled around the targeted catch, after which the bottom of the net is drawn tight like the strings of a purse, thus confining the catch in the net

Answer 1

Purse-Seine Fishing

Question 2

Non-targeted organisms incidentally caught by commercial fishing operations, including many fish species, but also a large number of birds, marine mammals, and sea turtles

Answer 2

Bycatch

Question 3

Purchasing of products that are purportedly environmentally friendlier or less harmful than their alternatives; a model of environmental protection that relies on consumer choices to change the behavior of firms or industries rather than regulation

Answer 3

Green Consumption

Question 4

Tuna caught without killing dolphins as bycatch

Answer 4

Dolphin Safe Tuna

Question 5

Method of protest that aims to pressure corporations into changing their practices by urging people to forgo purchasing products associated with the targeted corporations

Answer 5

Consumer boycott

Question 6

In Marxist thought, this describes the tendency for capitalism to eventually undermine the environmental conditions for its own perpetuation, through degradation of natural resources or damage to the health of workers, etc., predicted to eventually lead to environmentalist & workers’ movement to resist capitalism, leading to a new form of economy.

Answer 6

2nd Contradiction of Capitalism (Compare to 1st contradiction)

Question 7

In political economic (& Marxist) thought, the material or environmental conditions required for a specific economy to function, which may include things as varied as water for use in an industrial process to the health of workers to do the labor

Answer 7

Conditions of Production

Question 8

In political economic (& Marxist) thought, the social relationships associated with, & necessary for, a specific economy, as serfs/knights are to feudalism & workers/owners are to modern capitalism

Answer 8

Relations of Production

Question 9

Imaginary, idealized social conditions arising from sociopolitical systems that facilitate cooperation over competition

Answer 9

Utopia/Utopian

Question 10

Largest seasonal or annual amount of any particular natural resource that can be harvested indefinitely

Answer 10

Maximum Sustainable Yield

Question 11

Usually extending 200 nautical miles off the coasts of sovereign states; sea zones within which states claim ownership over fishery & mineral resources

Answer 11

Executive Economic Zones (EEZs)

Question 12

The conservation of land & resources so as to secure their availability to future generations

Answer 12

Sustainable/Sustainability

Question 13

Relations of production dominant in many industrialized countries in the 1st several decades of the 20th century; marked by large, vertically integrated corporations, high wages & rates of consumption, & considerable state power

Answer 13

Fordism

Question 14

Arising in the last decades of the 20th century, the current relations of production in most industrialized countries; marked by decentralized, specialized, and often subcontracted production, the prominence of transnational corporations, & diminished state power

Answer 14

Post-Fordism

Question 15

Corporations operating facilities in more than 1 country; also called multinational corporations

Answer 15

Transnational Corporations (TNC)

Question 16

Any category, condition, or thing that exists or is understood to have certain characteristics because people socially agree that it does

Answer 16

Social Construction