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Psychology > Chapter 13 - Treatment & Therapy > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Treatment & Therapy Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychoanalytic techniques

A

Method of psychotherapy attempts to bring UNCONSCIOUS THOUGHTS & MOTIVATIONS to conscious so they can be dealt w/ rationally. Developed by Sigmund Frued (father of clinical & psychotherapy).

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2
Q

Free association

A

Procedure - someone reports everything comes to mind w/o omission/censorship. Free floating talk, therapist leads & looks for resistance. If encountered therapist explores further

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3
Q

Resistance

A

Psychoanalysis, continued REPRESSION interferes w/ therapy. Repressed memories/ thoughts patient feel uncomfortable. Goal is expose these

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4
Q

Dream interpretation

A

Frued believed this is necessary part of psychoanalytic therapy. Classified dreams in two categories

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5
Q

Manifest content

A

Known/obvious content dreams

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6
Q

Latent content

A

Hidden/disguised content dreams. Goal is to reveal meaning

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7
Q

Transference

A

Therapist is parent/someone important in clients life. ULTIMATE GOAL IN PSYCHOANALYSIS. Patient transfers emotional outbursts on therapists. Allows client to work through problems w/ professional

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8
Q

Psychodynamic therapy

A

New era - Frueds psychoanalysis - AKA neofruedians. Face to face contact w/ patient. Less focus on dreams & dream interpretation. Focuses: past events & working through childhood problems. Less time;fewer sessions

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9
Q

Humanistic Techniques

A

Therapist provide UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGUARD, supports clients efforts to grow & change. AKA - client centered therapy- Carl Rogers. Differs from psychoanalysis: approach focuses on future than past, personal growth, conscious than unconscious. Client more active

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10
Q

Nondirective therapy

A

Therapist - no advice/interpretation. Client identifies conflicts & understands problems & values

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11
Q

Active listening

A

Therapist mirrors words by patients for emphasis. Figure out what problems may be

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12
Q

Psychoanalysis & humanistic therapies

A

Dependent on self awareness & healing. Client asked to pair up good w/ correct behavior

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13
Q

Behavioral techniques

A

Therapy: client & therapist agree on BEHAVIORAL GOALS & LEARNING EXPERIENCES to achieve

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14
Q

Behavioral therapy

A

Therapy techniques based on operant conditioning. Changed specific behaviors by making goals & making plan to achieve goals

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15
Q

Counter conditioning

A

Classical conditioning principals. Pairing pleasant w/ anxiety replacing fear w/ relaxation. Cannot feel two emotions at same time

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16
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

Gradually increasing exposure to anxiety while reinforcing calm behavior. Mary Cover Jones - 1924. Subject learns to be relaxed while in presence of their fear

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17
Q

Virtual reality exposure Therapy

A

High tech method of systematic desensitization. Experiences any kind of fear

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18
Q

Flooding

A

Subject confronted w/ fear while w/ therapist. Faces head on.

19
Q

Implosive Theory

A

IMAGES ones worst fear in therapists office.

20
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy

A

Cognitive & behavioral therapies. MOST OFTEN USED PSYCHOTHERAPIES! Focuses subjects thoughts & behavior. Recognize subjects thoughts about situations are irrational & need to be changed to rational non anxiety ones. Focuses on changing behaviors to less destructive ones. CBT achieve results quicker than other forms of therapy

21
Q

Eye movement desensitization & reprocessing

A

Francine Shapiro 1989. Subject thinks of fear while darting eyed. Used on OCD, phobias, panic attacks, even schizophrenia. Increase effectiveness of type of exposure therapy.

22
Q

Light exposure therapy

A

Used - seasonal affective disorder. Exposure - light box 30 mins every morning. Stimulates secretion of serotonin. Decreases winter blues

23
Q

Lobotomy

A

DEPRESSION & VIOLENT BEHAVIOR. Used in 1930s, cutting connective tissue between frontal lobe & emotional brain. Used on severely depressed & schizophrenic. Results - loss of mobility & lethargy. Shock. Ice pick. Wiggle. Connective tissue cut.

24
Q

Walter Freeman

A

Lobotomy in 1950s - over 2,900 lobotomies in US. Kids. Ended when patient died - brain hemorrhage

25
Q

Insulin shock therapy or insulin coma therapy

A

Treatment - patients repeatedly injected - large doses of insulin - produces daily comas over several weeks.

26
Q

Insulin

A

Peptide hormone by beta cells of pancreas. Central to regulating carbs & fat metabolism in body. Introduced 1927 - Austrian-American psychiatrist Manfred Sakel used for schizophrenia. Replaced by neuroleptic sin 1960

27
Q

Physical treatments in psychiatry

A

Convulsive therapies (electroconvulsive therapies), deep sleep, & psychosurgery.

28
Q

Joseph Wortis

A

Brought the treatments to the US.

29
Q

How many hospitals in England & Wales had insulin treatments?

A

31

30
Q

1936 Sakel moved where & promoted insulin coma treatments where?

A

New York, American psychiatric hospitals & a majority of the hospitals used it in the late 1940s

31
Q

Technique

A

Insulin dose increased 100-150 units til comas were produced - dose would then be leveled out. Insulin was reduced after 50-60 comas. Coma lasted hr. & was terminated by intravenous glucose. Seizures before/during coma

32
Q

Effects

A

Sakel claimed success rates for insulin coma therapy, over 80% in treatment of schizophrenia. Morality risk - 1-5%

33
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A

Produce cortical seizure. 1938 - given 100 volts while conscious. Now - give anesthesia - lasts 30 mins, patient unaware, voltage from 70-150. Sometimes administered one hemisphere fewer Side effects (loss of memory, seizures). Mild seizures during. MAINLY USED ON DEPRESSION. Usefulness - not known: possibly releases norepinephrine/ may shock brains electrical current back to normal

34
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Chemicals affect cognitions/behavior: why disorders referred to as chemical imbalance

35
Q

Psychoactive drugs differ in ability to regulate NTs

A
  1. Change sensitivity of receiving neuron
  2. Change # of receptors
  3. Block re-absorption of NTs – reuptake inhibitors SSRIs
  4. Block receptor sites
  5. Block conversion into inactive molecules – change NTs into inert chemicals
36
Q

Antipsychotic drug

A

Treats schizophrenia/ mood disorders who are delusional. Freedom drug - allows schizophrenics to live on own. Blocks dopamine receptors - reduces excess dopamine. Reduction of dopamine - reduces hall. & del.

37
Q

Clozaril (clozapine)

A

Drug reduces negative/positive symptoms reduces negative/positive symptoms

38
Q

Lithium

A

Mineral treats bipolar. Positive effect stabilizes synapses. Natural salt/mineral - stabilize mood swings/reduces manic

39
Q

Antidepressant Drugs

A

Drugs help person out of depression gradually elevating mood

40
Q

List of antidepressant drugs

A
  1. Prozac
  2. Zoloft
  3. Paxil
    All 3 slow synaptic vacuum of serotonin between neurons. Called SSRIs
41
Q

Anti anxiety Drugs

A

Relieve tension, apprehension, & nervousness. Ex: Valium & Xanax.

42
Q

2 reasons why drug therapies - controversial

A

Produce superficial curative effects. Covers prob. Effects purely from meds. Psychotherapies used in conjunctions w/ drug therapies psychotherapies needed get to root of prob. Often over prescribed/medicated

43
Q

Insight therapies

A

Verbal interactions to enhance clients self knowledge. AKA - psychotherapies - interview involves talking for treatment. Helps patient gain insight through talking w/ professional

Psychology (4 decks)

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