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Psychology > Chapter 12 Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Abnormal

A

Maladaptive cognitions, behaviors at odds w/ social expectations, result in distress/discomfort

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2
Q

Disturbing

A

Behavior must be to others

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3
Q

Unjustifiable

A

Thoughts/behaviors aren’t justified/rationally explained

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4
Q

Medical Model

A

Diagnosing/treating psych disorders as physical illness. Only meds for treatment

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5
Q

Labeling

A

Label to individual based off diagnosis. Can be harmful & contributes to worsening problems. This leads to self fulling prophecy.

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6
Q

Self Fulfilling Prophecy

A

Patient acts way they think they should behave.

Why “client” over “patient” is used in psychotherapy

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7
Q

Patient role

A

Takes away patient role. Makes them feel reliant on caregiver/meds

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8
Q

Philippe Pinel

A

French reformer, mental disorders not caused by demons, but from sickness of mind. Called for moral treatments

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9
Q

DSM-5

A

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Also called bible of psychologists. Updated in 2013. Over 300 mental disorders. Used by all psychologists. Doesn’t categorize well :(

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10
Q

Maladaptive

A

Hurting self or others. Harmful to the environment. Can be social or occupational. Key element = finding if someone is not normal.

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11
Q

Insanity

A

Legal term, inability to tell right from wrong & exercise over one’s actions.

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12
Q

Psychopathology

A

Treatment of mental illnesses

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13
Q

Neurotic

A

Behavior marked by distress (chronic anxiety) & reliance on avoidance.
Also called Psychoneurosis.
Described as old/eccentric.
Respond to situation of difficulty w/ emotional duress.
Emotional reactions intense & deliberating

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14
Q

Psychotic

A

Behavior marked by impaired contract w/ reality & deterioration of adaptive functioning. Affects perception of reality. Also called psychosis

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15
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension & anxiety.
Most common disorder. More common in women.
Goes beyond common apprehension.
Physically & Psychologically debilitating.

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16
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Marked by chronic, high levels of anxiety not tied to specific threat. Often called free floating anxiety. Irrational fear, not focused on particular event. Constant state of anxiety.
To be diagnosed must have this feeling over 6 months & must interfere w/ normal routines.

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17
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety. Usually occur suddenly & unexpectedly. Unprovoked onset of intense anxiety/panic. Caused by certain situation/event.
Symptoms: rapid heart beat, shortness of breath, overwhelming fear, fear of losing control.

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18
Q

Phobic disorder

A

Persistent & irrational fear of an object/ situation that isn’t dangerous. 3 categories: Agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia

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19
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of being in situation which escaping is difficult/humiliating. Agora: market. Fear of marketplace

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20
Q

Social phobia

A

Fear & avoidance of social situations

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21
Q

Specific phobia

A

Fear of specific event/thing

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22
Q

OCD Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

Persistent uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts & urges to engage in senseless rituals

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23
Q

Obsessions

A

Overwhelming & persistent anxious thoughts of or feelings of things

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24
Q

Compulsions

A

All actions to relieve anxiety

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25
Q

PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

Period bursts of anxiety, panic, depression provoked by reminders of traumatic events. Person experiences traumatic life threatening event. Intense fear, or helplessness due to event. Flashbacks/nightmares - debilitating

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26
Q

Learning Theory

A

Classical conditioning (pairing up object/event w/ bad experience) & through Observational (genetic)

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27
Q

Biological Theory

A

Evolved to fear/avoid things that are harmful. Anxiety disorders linked to imbalance in serotonin. SSRIs often prescribed

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28
Q

Somatoform Disorder

A

Disorders involving physical ailments to body no authentic organic basis that are due to psychological factors
Treatment - psychotherapy - no meds

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29
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Excessive preoccupation w/ health concerns & incessant worry about developing physical illnesses. Irrational fear - every ache & pain / life threatening. Cyberchondria. Causes not known. Equal in men and women

30
Q

Conversion disorder

A

Loss of physical function (no apparent organic basis). Defense mechanism for mind. Formerly called hysteria & psychosomatic disorder. Mind shuts off part of body to cope w/ traumatic event. More in women.

31
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Disorders people lose contact w/ portions of consciousness/memory resulting in disruption of identity. Not bio/genetic. Psychological stressors. Defense mechanism for mind - helps it cope

32
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Loss of memory for important personal info that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting. Not caused by organic/ physiological methods. Formerly called psychogenic amnesia. Loss of traumatic event. Rare cases - forget prior. Mind copes by blocking memory.

33
Q

Dissociative Fugue

A

Amnesia involves unexplained change of location. Psychogenic fugue - Latin - “to flee”. Amnesia & need to leave environment, where event took place & begin life elsewhere.

34
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder/ Multiple Personality

A

Person changes between 2 or more personalities. Always severe childhood trauma. New different personality defends against childhood memories, why they may seem so aggressive. Original doesn’t have control/aware of other personalities. Others are different from original. Very rare

35
Q

Personality Disorder

A

Maladaptive inflexible way of dealing w/ environment & others

36
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

Exhibits extreme suspicious, envy, & mistrust of others

37
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

Inability to form inter personal relationships

38
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

Overwhelmingly dramatic. Takes emotions to extreme

39
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

Grandiose exaggeration of ones importance. greed for attention. Correlational study - checking Facebook & narcissism

40
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

Socio/psychopaths. Lack of regard for others accompanied by criminal behaviors - more likely to be violent - underdeveloped Amygdala seen as an underlying factor. Manipulation & causing pain to others often brings pleasure. Grow out until 40s

41
Q

Avoidant personality disorder

A

Unwillingness to enter into relationships. Fear of being rejected.

42
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder

A

Poor- self image & self esteem. hook up w/ dominant personality that will assume responsibility for their actions

43
Q

Mood Disorders

A

Disorders by emotional disturbances that disrupt social, physical, perceptual, & thought processes. 20% of US at least 1 depressive episode in lifetime. Women 2x more likely. Teens to early 20s.

44
Q

Major depression

A

Takes little pleasure in life & experiences feelings of worthlessness, powerlessnes, & guilt. Also called: Unipolar/Common Cold of Mood disorders. Symptoms: eating less/more, sleeping probs, lack of communication/energy. Thoughts of suicide. More people treated than any other disease. Genetic link. Lead to suicide via alcohol. More common in women & teens

45
Q

Dysthymia

A

Depression- mild case. Prolonged period, not as severe. Two years of being sad for most days. Low energy & self esteem. Able to function but is deliberating.

46
Q

Bipolar Disorder/ Manic Depressive

A

Alternate between depression/manic. Massive mood swings - low to high. little time in normal state. Dangerous - suicidal tendencies usually near end of manic state

47
Q

Mania

A

Condition by constant driven activity & lack of inhibitions. Hyperactive. Can’t stay still. Life in fast lane. Not much sleep. Inappropriate behavior. Rapid speech. Delusions of Gradver - partake in dangerous activities.

48
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder

A

Person sad in winter. Not enough sunlight - sun lamps are helpful. Less sunlight - lower levels of melatonin & serotonin.

49
Q

Causes of Depression

A

Low levels of serotonin & norepinephrine cause depression. Often prescribed drugs that make these NTs more abundant by blocking Reuptake i.e. SSRIs

50
Q

Biological factors for bipolar

A

Genetic link, identical twins - one has one - other one more likely. Too much norepinephrine causes manic state.

51
Q

Lithium

A

Most common element given to treat bipolar. Causes level out someone’s mood.

52
Q

Psychological factor for Unipolar

A

Genetics set stage for mood disorder - stressors trigger it. Cancer or heart disease, the disorder can be put off or effects lessened by changing ones lifestyle.

53
Q

Schizophrenia

A

GROUP of disorders by disturbances in thought that spill over perceptual, social, & emotional processes.
Shattered mind - split from reality. Least occurring disorder 1% worldwide. Psychotic disorder.

54
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs maintained though they are clearly out of touch w/ reality. Believe they are something they aren’t

55
Q

Hallucinations

A

Visual/auditorial stimuli seen/heard that don’t exist but are created in ones mind

56
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Hallucinations & delusions & behavior caused by disorder

57
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Loss of certain functions because of the disorder, not feeling certain emotions

58
Q

Process schizophrenia

A

Symptoms gradually develop overtime. AKA chronic schizophrenia - most difficult to treat/more devastating

59
Q

Reactive schizophrenia

A

Sudden onset of schizophrenic symptoms. AKA - acute schizophrenia. Triggered by stress or traumatic life events. Higher success in treatment

60
Q

Signs of schizophrenia

A

Childhood language - delayed. Abnormal motor behaviors: arm flapping/rocking. Lack of emotions inappropriate for situation. Socially withdrawal agitation. Incoherent speech

61
Q

DSM 4

A

Lists the 4 major types of schizophrenia

62
Q

Paranoid type

A

Most dangerous. Hallucinations & delusions make them act out violently towards others. Psychotic episodes

63
Q

Catatonic type

A

Bold physical postures, followed you wild frenzy. Very rare - better treatments. Speak in “word salads”, neologism - nonsense words used by schizophrenics that have meaning to them.

64
Q

Disorganized type

A

Emotionally flat, disorganized speech & behavior

65
Q

Undifferentiated type

A

“Catch all category”

66
Q

Residual type

A

Emotionally withdrawn following end of hallucinations & delusions

67
Q

Heredity factor on schizophrenia

A

Inherit predisposition to develop schizophrenia. Genetic component exist. Viral infections - flu during 2nd trimester increases chances for child. Pregnant women should get flu shot

68
Q

Biochemical factor of schizophrenia

A

Dopamine hypothesis. Caused by excessive amounts of dopamine. Increase causes hallucinations by increasing brain signals to occipital and temporal lobes. Brain regions are too small/large. Ventricles w/in brain larger. Thalamus is smaller.

69
Q

Psychological & social factors

A

Social factors alone don’t lead to this. Hallucinations Triggered by social stresses. 1st symptoms in teens to 20s.

70
Q

ADHD

A

Hard to focus on repetitive boring tasks as well as levels of hyperactivity & impulsivity

71
Q

Alzheimer’s dementia

A

Slow deterioration of intellectual functioning is a degenerative disease

Psychology (4 decks)

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