Chapter 13 - Therapies

Question 1

The treatment of psychological disorders that involves conversations between patient and therapist

Answer 1

Psychotherapy

Question 2

Psychological well-being depends on self-understanding (emotions, thoughts, motives etc)

Answer 2

Insight therapy

Question 3

To bring to consciousness the unresolved unconscious conflicts through techniques of free association, analysis of resistance, dream analysis and analysis of transference

Answer 3

Psychoanalysis

Question 4

Creating an atmosphere that helps free patients to be themselves and release their natural tendency toward self-actualization

Answer 4

Person-cantered therapy

Question 5

Finding a purpose or meaning in life

Answer 5

Existential therapy

Question 6

Taking responsibility for feelings and behaviour and fully experiencing the present moment

Answer 6

Gestalt therapy

Question 7

Based on the principles of learning in replacing maladaptive behaviours with more adaptive ones.

Answer 7

Behaviour modification therapy

Question 8

Involves deep muscle relaxation and confrontation of a graduated series of anxiety-producing situations

Answer 8

Systematic desensitization

Question 9

Exposure to the feared stimulus until anxiety decreases

Answer 9

Flooding

Question 10

The appropriate response is modelled in graduated steps

Answer 10

Participant modelling

Question 11

In OCD patients, exposure to the featured stimulus and then refrain from engaging in the usual ritual or compulsion

Answer 11

Exposure and response prevention

Question 12

The pairing of the maladaptive behaviour with an aversive stimulus causing pain, or discomfort

Answer 12

Aversion therapy

Question 13

Changing maladaptive behaviour from one’s irrational thoughts, beliefs and ideas

Answer 13

Cognitive therapy

Question 14

Modify irrational beliefs, which are thought to cause personal distress

Answer 14

Rational-emotive therapy

Question 15

To recognize automatic negative thoughts and replace them with more objective thoughts

Answer 15

Beck’s cognitive therapy

Question 16

Involves only one client and one therapist

Answer 16

Individual

Question 17

The one who participates in psychotherapy

Answer 17

Client / patient

Question 18

Several clients participate at the same time

Answer 18

Group

Question 19

Therapist provides strong guidance

Answer 19

Directive

Question 20

Goo is for clients to gain deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotion and behaviours

Answer 20

Insight

Question 21

Any therapy that limits number if session

Answer 21

Time-limited

Question 22

Boring p, chipping or bashing holes into a patient’s head; for modern usage, refers to any surgical procedure in which a hole is bored into the skull

Answer 22

Trepanning

Question 23

Study of demons and people beset by spirits

Answer 23

Demonology

Question 24

Or tie if driving off and evil spirit

Answer 24

Exorcism

Question 25

Psychotic-like symptoms that come from ergot (LSD) poisoning

Answer 25

Ergotism

Question 26

French physician who initiated humane treatment of mental patients and created the first mental hospital

Answer 26

Philippe Pinel

Question 27

Physical symptoms occur without physiological causes

Answer 27

Hysteria (somatoform disorders)

Question 28

To resolve internal conflicts that lead to emotional suffering

Answer 28

Main goal of psychoanalysis

Question 29

Saying whatever comes to mind, regardless of how embarrassing it is

Answer 29

Free association

Question 30

Dreams express forbidden desires and unconscious feelings

Answer 30

Dream analysis

Question 31

Hidden symbolic meaning of dreams

Answer 31

Latent content

Question 32

Obvious, visible meaning of dreams. Tends to disguise information from unconscious

Answer 32

Manifest content

Question 33

Images in dreams that have personal or emotional meanings

Answer 33

Dream symbols

Question 34

Blockage in flow of ideas; topics the client resists thinking about or discussing

Answer 34

Resistance

Question 35

Tendency to transfer feelings to a therapist that match those the patient had for important people in his or her past

Answer 35

Transference

Question 36

Based on psychoanalytic theory but designed to produce insights more quickly; uses direct questioning to reveal unconscious conflicts

Answer 36

Brief psychodynamic therapy

Question 37

Improvement of a psychological condition due to time passing without therapy

Answer 37

Spontaneous remission

Question 38

People who receive no therapy as a way to test the effectiveness of psychotherapy

Answer 38

Waiting-List Control Group

Question 39

No directive and based on insights from conscious thoughts and feelings

Answer 39

Client-Centred Therapy (Rogers)

Question 40

Unshakable acceptance of another person, regardless of what they tell the therapist or how they feel

Answer 40

Unconditional Positive Regard

Question 41

Ability to feel what another person is feeling; capacity to take another person’s point of view

Answer 41

Empathy

Question 42

Ability of a therapist to be genuine and honest about his or feelings

Answer 42

Authenticity

Question 43

Rephrasing or repeating clients’ thoughts and feelings; helps clients become aware of what they are saying

Answer 43

Reflection

Question 44

Human ability to make choices

Answer 44

Free will

Question 45

Clients are challenged to examine their values and choices

Answer 45

Confrontation

Question 46

Using any classical or operant conditioning principles to change human behaviour directly

Answer 46

Behaviour modification

Question 47

Cannot change the past and no reason to alter that which has yet to occur

Answer 47

Focus on the present

Question 48

Learned dislike or negative emotional responses to a stimulus

Answer 48

Conditioned aversion

Question 49

Associate a strong aversion to an undesirable habit like smoking, overeating, drinking alcohol

Answer 49

Aversion therapy

Question 50

Reinforcement, punishment or other consequences that are applied only when a certain response is made

Answer 50

Response-contingent (response-connected) consequences

Question 51

Prolonged smoking at a rapid pace

Answer 51

Rapid smoking

Question 52

Rank-ordered series of steps, amounts or degrees

Answer 52

Hierarchy

Question 53

One emotional state is used to block another

Answer 53

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 54

Love or filmed person who serves as an example for observational learning

Answer 54

Model

Question 55

Reduction in fear that takes place secondhand when a client watches models perform the feared behaviour

Answer 55

Vicarious desensitization

Question 56

Presents computerized fear stimuli to patients in a controlled fashion

Answer 56

Virtual reality exposure

Question 57

A response that is not filled by a reward will occur less frequently

Answer 57

Nonreinforcement

Question 58

Actions or other behaviours a therapist seeks to change

Answer 58

Target behaviours

Question 59

Patients gets tokens for many socially desirable or productive behaviours; they can exchange tokens for tangible rewards and must pay tokens for undesirable behaviours

Answer 59

Token economy

Question 60

Perceiving only certain stimuli in a larger group if possibilities

Answer 60

Selective perception

Question 61

Allowing upsetting events to affect unreleased situation

Answer 61

Overgeneralization

Question 62

Seeing objects and events as absolutely right or wrong, good or bad etc

Answer 62

All-or-nothing thinking

Question 63

Attempts to change irrational beliefs that cause emotional problems

Answer 63

Rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)