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U.S. History I Exam #3 > Chapter 13 - The Antebellum South - 1800-1860 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - The Antebellum South - 1800-1860 Flashcards

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1
Q

What percent of the South’s population did not own slaves?

A

75%.

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2
Q

How much of the population of the South owned large plantations with over fifty slaves?

A

1%

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3
Q

How much of the Southern population owns 20 or more slaves?

A

3%

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4
Q

List the Social Classes in the Antebellum South.

A

1) Yeoman Farmers
2) Poor Whites
3) Small Slaveowners
4) The Urban Middle Class
5) The Planter Elite

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5
Q

What was the largest social class in the South?

A

Yeoman Farmers

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6
Q

What percentage of the Southern population were Yeoman Farmers?

A

About 50%.

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7
Q

About how large were the farms worked by Yeoman Farmers?

A

50-100 Acres.

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8
Q

Why did Yeoman Farmers wish to preserve the Status Quo?

A

To preserve their way of life with little government interference and maximum independence.

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9
Q

What was the difference between Northern Yeoman Farmers and Southern Yeoman Farmers?

A

Northern Yeoman Farmers were always on the move for more wealth and more land whereas Southern Yeoman Farmers stayed put.

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10
Q

How many of all Souther whites were poor Tennant farmers?

A

Approximately 1/5 or 20%.

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11
Q

How much food did poor white Tennant farmers produce?

A

Enough to feed their families and not much more.

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12
Q

How did poor white Tennant farmers make additional income?

A

1) Selling alcohol to slaves.

2) Helping Slaves Escape.

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13
Q

Why did the South avoid class revolts?

A

Because there existed an egalitarianism from slavery that meant even if you were the poorest white, you were a part of the dominant class (white people.)

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14
Q

Among who did poverty exist in the North?

A

Immigrants in large cities.

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15
Q

About how much of New York City’s population was receiving some form of poor relief?

A

25%

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16
Q

How many people in the South owned slaves?

A

25%

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17
Q

How many of Southern slave owners owned less than five slaves?

A

12.5%

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18
Q

What were the conditions of the small slave owner in the Antebellum South?

A

1) Log-Cabin Residence
2) Close Profit Margins on Crops
3) Regular Face to Face Interaction With His Slaves
4) Worked Alongside Slaves in the Fields

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19
Q

Who is an example of a small slave owner?

A

John Flintoff.

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20
Q

What are skilled slaves and what did they do?

A

Skilled slaves specialized in a trade such as carpentry or blacksmithing and owners rented them out for profit.

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21
Q

Who held the most political power in the antebellum South?

A

The small slave owners.

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22
Q

How many small slave owners eventually became large slave owners?

A

Very few.

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23
Q

Name one prominent man who went from small slave owners to large slave owner?

A

Andrew Jackson.

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24
Q

How large was the Southern commercial middle class of merchants, bankers, and businessmen?

A

Very small.

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25
How much of the Northern population lived in towns?
37%
26
How much of the Southern population lived in towns?
12%
27
How much of the Southern population lived in towns if the cases of Louisiana and Maryland are removed?
Less than 5%
28
What were the political objectives of the Southern urban middle class?
Tried to promote industrialization and railroad construction to promote economic diversity.
29
How much of the South's white population owned more than fifty slaves?
Less than 1%.
30
How much of the South's white population owned more than one hundred slaves?
Less than .2%.
31
How did larger plantations manage their slaves?
By hiring an overseer.
32
How did large plantation owners view their actions?
As doing what was in the best interests of all parties involved.
33
How did most large planters in the Old South gain their large plantation?
Through inheritance from relatives.
34
What was slave ownership in the South linked to?
Political leadership.
35
What was the political relationship between large plantation owners and poor white men?
The owners did not bully others. The Jacksonian reforms allowed for universal suffrage.
36
What crop drove the South's economy?
Cotton
37
What did wealth per capita look like in the South?
It steadily increased from 1840-1860.
38
What were other Southern Agricultural exports?
1) Tobacco 2) Rice 3) Sugar 4) Hemp
39
What did agricultural productivity depend on in the North? In the South?
North: A Healthy American Market and Transportation Revolution South: A Healthy British Market.
40
Factories in what part of the United States produced 90 % of all manufactured goods?
The North.
41
What did agricultural production discourage?
Development of Human Capital.
42
What Southern Classes attended college at a higher rate than northerners?
1) Small Planters 2) Large Planters 3) Urban Class
43
What was the rate of illiteracy in the South?
20%.
44
What type of economy did the North have?
A highly industrial one that produced a lot of manufactured goods.
45
How did the North Accomplish Creating a Highly Developed Industrial Economy and the South Not?
1) Technological Breakthroughs (Like the Steam Engine) 2) More Efficient Manufacturing Methods (Assembly Lines and Conveyor Belts) 3) Thousands of Cheap Immigrant Laborers.
46
How did sprawling Old Northwest Farms Outproduce Southern Farms?
The introduction of Farm Machinery Increased Production By 20%.
47
What two types of infrastructure were built during the Transportation revolution?
1) Canals | 2) Railroads.
48
How did the Southern Economy Help Fuel Northern Economic Growth?
The payment of Northern middlemen who worked with British cotton mills and warehoused and insured cotton.
49
What were the Social/Cultural Characteristics of White Southerners?
1) Kinship ties are stronger in the South than in the North and Old Northwest. 2) Southerns Developed a Sophisticated Critique of Northern Capitalism 3) New Ideas Were Slow to Reach the South 4) The Antebellum South Was More Religious Than The North or Northwest. 5) Interesting Personality Traits (Further Question on This) 6) Southerners Were Not Optimistic 7) Militant Temperment
50
Why were Kinship Ties Stronger in the South?
No immigrants meant no western push. People stayed in the same geographic ares for generations and preserved family ties.
51
What was Southerns Critique of Northern Capitalism?
Northerners Were materialistic and Valued wealth over family and friends.
52
What northern Group shared the South's disdain of the North's materialism?
The Transcendentalists.
53
Why were new ideas slow to get to the South?
The Vehicles For Disseminating Such Information Such as Magazines did not usually make it to the South.
54
What did the Religious make-up look in the South as compared to the North?
The South was more homogeneous in Protestant Evangelicalism Whereas the North had All Types of Groups Such as Unitarians, Transcendentalists, and Roman Catholics.
55
Compare and Contrast Jefferson's List of Personality Traits of People From the North and South.
North v. South 1) Cool (Reserved and Private) v. Fiery 2) Sober v. Voluptuary (Given to Luxury and Pleasure 3) Laborious v. Sometimes Lazy 4) Independent v. Unsteady 5) Jealous of Their Own Liberties and Protective of the Liberties of Others v. Zealous For Their Own Rights But Trample on Others Rights 6) Clever & Scheming v. Candid 7) Interested/Curious v. Generous 8) Superstitious and Hypocritical of Religion v. Suspicious of denominational Christianity by accept heart experiences.
56
What philosophical premise did the South Reject?
That humans were perfectible.
57
Who noted the South's inclination towards violence?
Alexis De Tocqueville
58
What regularly happened in fights in the South?
Eye-Gouging Without Clear Rules. Anything really went.
59
How did White, Bible Believing Southerners, Justify Slavery?
1) Black Slaves Were Racially Inferior and Incapable of Liberty. 2) Slavery was not bad to them. Rather, Southerners believed that the slaves were treated better than the Irish immigrants in the North. 3) The Bible Did not Outlaw or Condemn Slavery. 4) The Constitution Legitimized Slavery and Protected Property. 5) Did not have the same moral contradiction with the Enlightenment ideology that the Founding Fathers noticed and hesitated about.
60
In what year did most people expect slavery to end soon?
1790.
61
How many Slaves Were There in the South in 1860?
Four Million
62
How many Free Blacks Lived in the Entire United States in 1860?
Approximately Half a Milllion
63
How many Black Americans were there total?
4.5 Million
64
What percentage of black Americans in the South were slaves?
97%.
65
What was the average life expectancy of white born in the U.S. and the life expectancy of a black slave born in the United States and the life expectancy of immigrants in large urban cities in the United States?
White - 40 Years. Black - 36 Years. Urban - 24.
66
What indicates that slaves were well nourished?
They ate more pounds of meat a year than Irish Immigrants of people in foreign countries like France.
67
What additional factor indicates that slaves were treated decently well?
The slaves are taller. American slaves by around two inches.
68
What were slave codes?
These Laws Translated the Concept of Chattel Slavery into Daily Practice.
69
How were slaves treated by their masters?
They were routinely violated and beaten by their masters in severe and harsh ways.
70
Why did these beatings not occur everyday?
1) Injuring Slaves Destroys a Costly Investment So There is a Monetary Incentive Not To Continually Maim a Slave 2) Some Slaveowners Developed a Paternalistic Relationship With Their Slaves
71
What would be the wrong conclusion to draw from Barrow's data?
That beatings weren't really that bad. It ignores the state of terrorism placed on slaves that they could be beaten at any time and without warning.
72
Name the Five Slave Revolts that have been large enough to warrant a name in American History.
1) The Stono Rebellion 2) The Gabriel Prosser Conspiracy 3) The New Orleans Slave Revolts 4) The Denmark Vessey Conspiracy 5) The Nat Turner Revolt
73
Why were there so few American Slave Revolts?
1) Individual Action Was More likely to Succeed Than Group Revolts 2) Families Cause Slaves to Stay 3) Deliberately Slowed the Pace of Work 4) Committed Suicide to Protest 5) Committee Self-Mutilation to Protest.
74
What religion became widely accepted among slaves after 1820?
Christianity Mixed With Africa Tribal Tradition.
75
Do we see Latin American Liberation Theology in the South?
No.
76
What the position of prominence a slave could hold?
The Slave Church Preachers.
77
What percentage of U.S. Slaves Lived in Two Parent Families?
64%.
78
Could slaves get married?
In terms of a common law marriage, yes.
79
What encourage slave breeding?
The internal slave trade within the United States.
80
Who created the Free Black Class Living in the South?
Deceased Old White Famrers.
81
In what four areas were Free Blacks usually found?
Maryland, The Virginia Tidewater Areas, The Virginia North Carolina Piedmont Area, and Larger Southern Cities.
82
What two things did Southern States limit in regards to Free Blacks?
1) The Movement. | 2) The Civil Rights of Free Blacks
83
How often did Southern Blacks do well financially?
Rarely.

U.S. History I Exam #3 (5 decks)

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