Chapter 13 Terminologies Flashcards
blood
composed of cells and plasma
erythrocytes
(originate in bone marrow and contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen)
erythropoietin hormone
(from kidney) stimulates production of heme (iron containing pigment) and globin (protein)
leukocytes
white blood cells
lymphocytes
play a role in the immune response. They directly attack foreign matter and make antibodies that neutralize and destroy foreign antigens (bacteria and viruses)
monocyte
are phagocytic and dispose of dead and dying cells and other tissue debis
platelets
main function is in the clotting process
plasma
liquid part of blood contains water, dissolved proteins, sugar, wastes, salts, hormones, and other substances
albumin
attracts water from tissues back into bloodstream (affected by sale intake and burns)
globulins
alpha, beta, and gamma
fibrinogen and prothrombim
involved in clotting
gamma globulin (immunoglonulins)
which are antibodies that bind and sometimes destroy antigens
-aphresis
removal, carrying away
-phoresis
removal, carrying away
hemo/lysis
breakdown of red blood cless
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
excessive clotting
bas/o
base
chom/o
color
coagul/o
clotting
cyt/o
cell
eosin/o
red, dawn, rosy
erythr/o
red
granul/o
granules
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
hemonglobin/o
hemoglobin
kary/o
nucleus
leuk/o
white
mon/o
one, single
morph/o
shape
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
neutr/o
neutrophil
nucle/o
nucleus
phag/o
swallow, to eat
poikil/o
varried, irregular
sider/o
iron
spher/o
globe, round
thromb/o
clot
-blast
immature
-cytosis
increase in # of cells
-emia
blood condition
-gen
producing
-globin
protein
-globulin
plasma protein
-lytic
pertaining to destruction
-oid
resembling
-osis
increased # , condition
-penia
decreased in #, deficient
-phage
eat, swallow
-philia
attraction for
-phoresis
carrying, transmission
-poiesis
formation
-stasis
stopping
anemia
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production in bone marrow
hemolytic anemia
reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
pernicious anemia
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12
sickle cell anemia
abnormal hemoglobin reducing sickle-shaped RBCs and hemolysis
thalassemia
abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia
hemochromatosis
excess iron deposits throughout the body (can be hereditary)
polycythemia vera
general increase in red blood cells resulting in “thick blood”
hemophilia
excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VII and IX blood (trait is carried on the “X” chromosome)
leukemia
increase in cancerous white blood cells
granulocytosis
abnormal increase in granulocytes in blood
mononucleosis
infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cerical lymph nodes
multiple myeloma
malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
aphresis
separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from blood
blood tranfusion
whole blood or red cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient
leukapheresis
removal of large numbers of white blood cells and returns red cells, platelets, and plasma to the patient
bone marrow aspiration
removal of bone marrow for examining under a microscope
bone marrow biopsy
solid piece of bone marrow (biopsy sample) in extracted through a needle
cyt/o/logy
study of cells
hemo/stasis
control/stopping of blood
hypo/chrom/ic
pertaining to less than normal color
macro/phage
large “eating”
pan/cyt/o/penia
decrease in the number of all cells
poikil/o/cytosis
increase in irregular cells
thromb/o/cyt/o/penia
decrease in clotting cells
dyscrasia
any blood abnormality
hematocrit
percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
relapse
return of signs of disease
remision
absence of signs of disease
