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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 Terminologies > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Terminologies Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

blood

A

composed of cells and plasma

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2
Q

erythrocytes

A

(originate in bone marrow and contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen)

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3
Q

erythropoietin hormone

A

(from kidney) stimulates production of heme (iron containing pigment) and globin (protein)

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4
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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5
Q

lymphocytes

A

play a role in the immune response. They directly attack foreign matter and make antibodies that neutralize and destroy foreign antigens (bacteria and viruses)

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6
Q

monocyte

A

are phagocytic and dispose of dead and dying cells and other tissue debis

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7
Q

platelets

A

main function is in the clotting process

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8
Q

plasma

A

liquid part of blood contains water, dissolved proteins, sugar, wastes, salts, hormones, and other substances

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9
Q

albumin

A

attracts water from tissues back into bloodstream (affected by sale intake and burns)

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10
Q

globulins

A

alpha, beta, and gamma

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11
Q

fibrinogen and prothrombim

A

involved in clotting

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12
Q

gamma globulin (immunoglonulins)

A

which are antibodies that bind and sometimes destroy antigens

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13
Q

-aphresis

A

removal, carrying away

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14
Q

-phoresis

A

removal, carrying away

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15
Q

hemo/lysis

A

breakdown of red blood cless

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16
Q

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

A

excessive clotting

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17
Q

bas/o

A

base

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18
Q

chom/o

A

color

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19
Q

coagul/o

A

clotting

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20
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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21
Q

eosin/o

A

red, dawn, rosy

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22
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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23
Q

granul/o

A

granules

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24
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

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25
Q

hemonglobin/o

A

hemoglobin

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26
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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27
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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28
Q

mon/o

A

one, single

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29
Q

morph/o

A

shape

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30
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

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31
Q

neutr/o

A

neutrophil

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32
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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33
Q

phag/o

A

swallow, to eat

34
Q

poikil/o

A

varried, irregular

35
Q

sider/o

A

iron

36
Q

spher/o

A

globe, round

37
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

38
Q

-blast

A

immature

39
Q

-cytosis

A

increase in # of cells

40
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

41
Q

-gen

A

producing

42
Q

-globin

A

protein

43
Q

-globulin

A

plasma protein

44
Q

-lytic

A

pertaining to destruction

45
Q

-oid

A

resembling

46
Q

-osis

A

increased # , condition

47
Q

-penia

A

decreased in #, deficient

48
Q

-phage

A

eat, swallow

49
Q

-philia

A

attraction for

50
Q

-phoresis

A

carrying, transmission

51
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

52
Q

-stasis

A

stopping

53
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

54
Q

aplastic anemia

A

failure of blood cell production in bone marrow

55
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

56
Q

pernicious anemia

A

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12

57
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

abnormal hemoglobin reducing sickle-shaped RBCs and hemolysis

58
Q

thalassemia

A

abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia

59
Q

hemochromatosis

A

excess iron deposits throughout the body (can be hereditary)

60
Q

polycythemia vera

A

general increase in red blood cells resulting in “thick blood”

61
Q

hemophilia

A

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VII and IX blood (trait is carried on the “X” chromosome)

62
Q

leukemia

A

increase in cancerous white blood cells

63
Q

granulocytosis

A

abnormal increase in granulocytes in blood

64
Q

mononucleosis

A

infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cerical lymph nodes

65
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

66
Q

aphresis

A

separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from blood

67
Q

blood tranfusion

A

whole blood or red cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient

68
Q

leukapheresis

A

removal of large numbers of white blood cells and returns red cells, platelets, and plasma to the patient

69
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

removal of bone marrow for examining under a microscope

70
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

solid piece of bone marrow (biopsy sample) in extracted through a needle

71
Q

cyt/o/logy

A

study of cells

72
Q

hemo/stasis

A

control/stopping of blood

73
Q

hypo/chrom/ic

A

pertaining to less than normal color

74
Q

macro/phage

A

large “eating”

75
Q

pan/cyt/o/penia

A

decrease in the number of all cells

76
Q

poikil/o/cytosis

A

increase in irregular cells

77
Q

thromb/o/cyt/o/penia

A

decrease in clotting cells

78
Q

dyscrasia

A

any blood abnormality

79
Q

hematocrit

A

percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

80
Q

relapse

A

return of signs of disease

81
Q

remision

A

absence of signs of disease

Medical Terminology (20 decks)

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