Chapter 13: Skin Care Products Flashcards
What is a characteristic of fatty acid?
Wax-like consistency.
What is NOT a characteristic of mineral oil?
Preservatives must be added to keep it fresh and potent over time.
What are the main types of surfactants used in skin-cleansing products?
Detergents.
What type of color agent is zinc oxide?
Exempt color.
What are the alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) and beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) commonly used as?
Exfoliants.
what term refers to ingredients designed to dissolve keratin proteins on the surface of the skin to make it softer and smoother?
Enzymes.
What is NOT a function of antioxidants?
Promoting the development of free radicals.
What is an example of an inorganic physical sunscreen?
Titanium dioxide.
How must ingredients be listed on cosmetic labels?
Descending order of predominance.
How should products be stored to make them last longer?
In dark containers in cooler temperatures.
What term refers to closed-lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, targeting their delivery to specific tissues of the skin?
Liposomes.
What substance is an inorganic salt used as a buffering agent, neutralizer, and pH adjuster?
Sodium bicarbonate.
What is NOT a property of urea?
Acts as a sunscreen.
What is a primary benefit of carrot?
Antioxidant.
What is licorice used for?
Treating sensitive skin.
What ingredient cool skin, constricts capillaries, has refreshing properties, and contains menthol?
Peppermint.
What is an example of an essential oil that is used as an astringent?
Orange.
What is the primary property of sandalwood oil?
Soothing.
What is a primary property of eucalyptus?
Stimulating.
What is an example of a plant that has healing properties?
Chamomile.
What is NOT a benefit of honey?
Soothing.
What is an example of a mildly comedogenic cosmetic ingredient?
Lanolin
What is an example of a moderately comedogenic cosmetic ingredient?
Peanut oil.
What is an example of a noncomedogenic cosmetic ingredient?
Petrolatum.
What is NOT an example of an ingredient recommended for use on mature skin and rosacea?
Rosemary oil.
What statement about skin cleansers is true?
They may contain ingredients to counteract various skin problems.
What term refers to a detergent-type “foaming” cleaner with a neutral or slightly acidic pH?
Cleansing gel.
What do paraffin masks do?
Plump and soften the skin.
How often should moisturizers be used?
Twice a day.
How often should clients exfoliate at home?
Once or twice a week.
Silicones.
Group of oils that are chemically combined with silicone and oxygen and leave a noncomedogenic productive film on the surface of the skin.
Fatty acids.
Lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats.
Cosmetics.
Articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance.
Mineral oil.
This comes from petroleum sources.
Essential oils.
Highly concentrated plant oils with properties that an have various effects on the skin.
Anhydrous.
Does not contain any water.
Emollients.
Fatty materials used to lubricate and moisturize the skin.
Fatty esters.
These are produced from combining fatty acids and fatty alcohols.
Performance ingredients.
These components cause the actual changes in the appearance of the skin.
Water soluble.
These are mixed into the water phase of a product during manufacturing.
Cleansers.
Soaps and/or detergents that clean the skin.
Functional ingredients.
These allow products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form, such as a lotion, cream or gel.
Fatty alcohols.
Fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen.
Oil soluble.
These are mixed into the oil phase of a product during manufacturing.
Lipids.
Fats or fat-like substances that help repair and protect the barrier function of the skin.
Retinol.
Natural form of vitamin A that stimulates cell repair and helps to normalize skin cells by generating new cells.
Allantoin.
This is derived from the comfrey plant or uric acid and has healing properties.
Liposomes.
Closed lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific areas of the skin and control their release.
Salicylic acid.
BHA that originates from sweet birch, willow bark, and wintergreen, and which has exfoliating and antiseptic properties.
Non-certified colors.
Colorants listed on ingredient labels as “D&C” or “FD&C”
Peptides.
Chains of amino acids used in skin care products to produce changes in the skin’s appearance.
Polymers.
Chemical compounds formed by a number of small molecules, and commonly used in delivery systems.
Lakes.
Insoluble pigments made by combining a dye with an inorganic material and are commonly used in colorful cosmetics.
Squalene.
This occurs in small amounts in olive oil, wheat germ oil, and rice bran oil, and this is a lubricant and perfume fixative.
Vehicles.
Spreading agents and carrying bases necessary to the formulation of a cosmetic.
Certified colors.
Colorants that have been batch certified and approved by the FDA.
Glycoproteins.
These have been found to enhance immune response and cellular metabolism, which boosts oxygen uptake in the cell.
Exfoliants.
Mechanical and chemical ingredients that peel or slough the outer layer of the skin.
Tissue respiratory facto (TRF)
This derived from yeast cells and functions as an anti-inflammatory and moisturizing ingredient.
Toners.
These have a higher alcohol content and are designed for use on normal and combination skin to tighten the skin.
Lavender.
Popular herb and oil used for aromatherapy and calming.
Serums.
Concentrated ingredients that target specific skin conditions.
Aromatherapy.
Ancient healing practice using essential oils and aromas from plants to treat the body, mind and spirit.
Chemical exfoliation.
The use of products such as AHAs to dissolve dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix or “glue” that holds them together.
Witch hazel
This comes from the hamanelis shrub and is good for toning the skin.
Astringents.
These have the highest alcohol content and are used for oily and acne-prone skin, but can be too drying and should be used carefully.
Jojaba.
Widely-used noncomedogenic oil derived from a desert shrub and used for healing.
Ampolues.
Small, sealed vials containing a single application of highly concentrated extracts in a water or oil base.
Enzyme peels.
These involve the use of keratolytic enzymes, which help speed up the breakdown of keratin.
Fresheners.
These have a lower alcohol content and are beneficial for dry and mature skin, as well as for sensitive skin.
Mechanical exfoliation.
Physically rubbing dead cells off of the skin.
Rose.
One of the most common ingredients in skin care products, used for dry and aging skin.
Mask.
This uses ingredients such as herbs, vitamins, and oils combines with clay, seaweed, or hydrating bases that treat the skin.
Chamomile.
Plant extract used for sensitive skin.
Preservatives.
These prevent bacteria and other microorganisms from living in a product.
