Chapter 13- Sexual Disorders Flashcards
Sexual Dysfunctions
marked by persistent inability to function normally in some area of the sexual response cycle
Sexual Response Cycle
Four phases: desire excitement orgasm resolution
(disorders affect one or more of the first three)
Disorders of Desire
- male hypoactive sexual desire disorder (lack of interest)
2. Female sexual interest disorder (lack of desire)
Most causes of low sexual desire
sociocultural and psychological factors.. but bio conditions can lower sex drive significantly
Biological causes of low sexual desire
~ abnormal hormone levels
~ excessive neurotransmitter activity of serotonin or dopamine
~ medications
Psychological Causes of low sex desire
~ anxiety & depression & anger
~ fears. attitudes and memories
Sociocultural causes of low sex drive
~ situational pressures like divorce, stress..
~ cultural standards
~ trauma w sexual assault
Disorders of Excitement
- female arousal disorder
2. male erectile disorder
Male Erectile Disorder
~ inability to attain or maintain erection
Biological Causes of excitement disorders
~ hormonal imbalances
~ medications
Disorders of Orgasm
- premature ejac
- delayed ejac
- female orgasmic disorder
Premature ejac
~ affects 30% of men worldwide
~ typically young, inexperienced men
~ anxiety
~ biological theories
Treatment: behavior procedure & medication
Delayed ejac
~ low testost levels, neurodiseases, head injuries
~ performance anxiety
Treatment:
reduce perf anxiety and inc, stim; medication
Female Orgasmic Disorder
~ affects 21% of women
~ 10% never orgasm
~ Causes:
medications, diabetes, depression, child trauma, stressful events
Sexual Dysfunction of sexual pain
- genito-pelvic pain disorders (enormous physical discomfort during sex)
~ involuntary contractions of muscles of outer vag
~ fewer than 1% of women
~ Causes:
learned fear response
infections
Dyspareunia
sexual dysfunction characterized by severe pain in genitals
~ 14% W and 3% M
treatment:
pain management, sex therapy, surgical intervention
Treatment for Sexual Dysfunctions
~ sex therapy (short-term, focuses on specific problems)
~ disorders of desire most difficult to treat (combination of treatment used)
Treatments of ED
~ focuses on man’s performance anxiety
~ range of behavioral, cognitive, and relationship interventions
Female Orgasm disorder treatments
cog-behavioral self-exploration body awareness enhancement directed masturbation training hormone therapy sildenafil
Sexting
~ 21% have sexted
~ may involve exhibitionist disorder
~ young adults largest group of sexters
~ sometimes be constructive addition to relationship
Paraphilic Disorders
characterized by intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving objects or situations outside the usual sexual norms
~ few diagnoses but suspected commonality
~ individ experiences sig distress/impairment over urges
Paraphilic treatments
~ little evidence for cause and effective treatment
Fetishistic Disorder
~ recurrent intense sexual urges, sexual arousing behaviors involving nonliving objects
~ treatment: orgasmic reorientation
Transvestic Disorder
~ fantasies/urges involving dressing in clothes of opposite sex
~ begins in teenage years
~ learned through classical conditioning
Exhibitionistic Disorder
~ arousal from exposure of genitals in a public setting
~ begins before 18 and common in males
~treatment: aversion therapy, masturbatory satiation, social skill training
Voyeuristic Disorder
~ repeated and intense sexual urges to observe people as they undress or spy on ppl having sex
~ theories:
feelings on inadequacy or shyness drive the search for power
~cog-beh: learned behavior
Frotteuristic Disorder
~ recurrent and intense fantasies/urges involving touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person
~ almost always male
~ usually beings in teen years or earlier and decreases or disappears after age 25
Sexual Sadism Disorder
~ intense sexual arousal involving suffering of victim
~ theories:
classical conditioning and modeling
sexual inadequacy drives need to inflict pain
brain an hormonal abnormalities
~ treatment: aversion therapy
Gender Dysphoria
persistently feel that they have been assigned the wrong bio sex, and gender changes would be desirable
transgender women vs men
trans-women outnumber trans-men 2:1
~ feelings may emerge in childhood but disappear later
Explanations of transgender functioning
~ biological (prenatal or genetic factors)
~ abnormalities in the brain incl. hypothalamus
treatment of gender dysphoria
psychotherapy
cog-beh education & support programs
people w disorder change sexual characteristics by way of hormones
hormone pills & surgery
