Chapter 13: Sexual Disorders Flashcards
What are the “Five Layers of Erotic Life?”
1) Gender identity
2) Sexual orientation
3) Sexual preference
4) Sex role
5) Sexual performance
Define “Sexual Orientation”
Who you are attracted to.
Define “Sexual Preference”
Types of persons, parts of the body, situations that are the objects of your sexual fantasies.
How is sexual preference tie in with sexual disorder?
When sexual preferences, such as objects of attraction, get in the way of an affectionate, erotic relationship with another consenting human being.
Define “Sex Role”
- Public expression of gender identity
- What an individual does to indicate that he is a man or she is a woman.
Define “Sexual Performance”
How adequately you perform when you are with a suitable person in a suitable erotic setting.
Prevalence of Transsexualism
- 1 in 100,000.
- More male-to-female than female-to-male, by as much as 2.5 times.
How does transsexualism develop?
- In theory, a massive dose of testosterone produces both male sexual organs and male identity. An insufficient dose produces male organs but female identity. Conversely the same for female-to-male.
- Happens after 8th week of natal development.
What is “adrenogenital syndrome?”
- Chromosomally male but born with male internal organs, but with a “dead-end” vagina
- Most are declared and raised as girls.
What is “Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome?”
- Internal female organs but male external organs
- Penis and scrotum look convincing, but they are actually an enormously enlarged and penile-shaped clitoris. The scrotum contains no testicles.
- Many with AGS are declared boys.
Define “Ego-Dystonic Homosexuals”
Homosexuals who try to change to heterosexual.
Factors that influence orientation:
1) Rearing
2) Role models
3) Pubertal hormones
4) Genes
5) The content of late childhood play
6) Fantasies and dreams
7) Early sexual experiences (fetishisms, paraphilias)(Pavlovian conditioning)
Define “Exhibitionism”
- Exposing genitalia to unwilling and/or unwitting strangers.
- The act of exposure is the final act of release. There is no seduction of the observer.
- Makes up 1/10 of sex crimes
What is the procedure of courting and at what step do exhibitionists deviate?
1) Location of a partner
2) Pretactile interactions
- This is where exhibitionists go astray.
3) Tactile interactions
4) Intercourse
What is “telephone scatalogia?”
Recurrent and intense sexual urges to make obscene calls to nonconsenting individuals
What is “frotteurism?”
Involves touching and rubbing against a non-consenting person, usually in a crowded place.
Pedophilia makes up what % of sex crimes?
30%
What are the age requirements for it to be considered pedophilia?
Person must be 16 and at least 5 years older than the victim.
What is a cathexis?
A psychodynamic theory that refers to the charging of a neutral object with physical energy either positive or negative.
What are the two types of Cathexis?
1) Positive
- Object incites arousal
2) Negative
- Object incites fear
What are the three properties of a cathexis?
1) They have their beginnings in childhood experience
2) They resist change, particularly rational change
3) They last and last, usually remaining a lifetime
What are some attempts at changing sexual preference?
1) Aversion Therapy
- Electric shock or chemical nauseants
- Orgasmic reconditioning
- Masturbatory satiation
- Alternative behavior completion
2) CBT
- Either undoing preference or teaching how to avoid or prevent behaviors?
3) Chemical or surgical castration
4) Anti-androgens
- Cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone
5) Triptorelin
6) SSRI
What is “Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?”
When girls were bathed in more androgen during natal development, causing them to become “tomboyish.”
Factors of Sexual Performance
1) Erotic Desire
2) Physical excitement
3) Orgasm
4) Resolution
Any fault in any of these perspectives can cause sexual dysfunction.
What are the thoughts and feelings of someone with “Sexual Aversion Disorder?”
May feel disgust, fear, revulsion when sex becomes a possibility
Female sexual arousal disorder symptoms
1) Vagina does not lubricate, clitoris does not enlarge, uterus may not swell, and her nipples may not become erect.
2) May not enjoy intercourse or stimulation or consider sex an ordeal.
3) Frequently she becomes a spectator rather than participator.
4) Sexual pain disorders (vaginismus) in which the muscles of the vagina spasm involuntarily when intercourse is attempted. Even insertion of tampon can be painful
5) Dyspareunia: in which severe pain occurs during intercourse, even though desire, excitement and orgasm are all intact.
Other sexual disorders
1) Hypoactive Sexual Desire or Sexual Aversion
2) Male erectile disorder
3) Female orgasmic disorder
4) Male Orgasmic Disorder
5) Premature ejaculation
6) Retarded ejaculation
Drugs that causes sexual dysfunction
1) Alcohol, cocaine, heroin and marijuana, all of which impair sexual hormones
2) Anti-hypertensives
3) Major and minor tranquilizers
4) Tricyclic anti-depressants
- Treated with Yohimbine
5) Antihistamines
Other physical causes of sexual dysfunction
1) Aging
2) Poor circulation
3) Low testosterone
4) Constricted arteries
5) Leaky veins preventing blood to collect in penis
6) Diabetes and kidney disease reduce sensitivity in that area
Other reasons for sexual dysfunctions in women
1) Injuries
2) Physical anomalies in the genitals
3) Neurological disorders
4) Inflammations
5) Following surgeries such as lumpectomy or a
6) Hysterectomy
Psychodynamic view of sexual disorder
Unconscious conflict, shame or guilt producing anxiety during sex, leading to unresponsiveness
Behavioral view of sexual disorder
- Traumatic early sexual experience, leading to a conditioned fear of failure, producing anxiety, blocking an erection
- Particularly true in men
- Pavlovian conditioning specifically
Cognitive View of Sexual Dysfunction
1) The person observes and judges him or herself during sex, interfering with enjoyment and producing anxiety, blocking erection or orgasm
2) Thoughts of insecurity block the parasympathetic responding that is the basis of the human sexual response
3) Distractions
4) Transient negative mood
Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions
1) Direct Sexual Therapy
2) Sensate focus
3) Drug treatments
4) Evaluation of sexual therapy
