Chapter 13 Respiratory System Function And Regulation Flashcards
The respiratory system allows oxygen into the blood so that it can be delivered to body cells for ATP production, a series of chemical reactions collectively referred to as ________. The respiratory system also allows an exit point for carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of this same process.
Cellular respiration
______ is the technical term for the movement of air into the lungs.
Inspiration
_____ is the technical term for movement of air out of the lungs
Expiration
The ______ muscles are embedded between the rib bones and help you to breathe very deeply in and out above normal restful breathing
Intercostal
In the pulmonary circuit, arteries and arterioles carry _______ blood
Deoxygenated
In the pulmonary circuit, venules and veins carry ______ blood
Oxygenated
As you breath in through your mouth and/or nose, air first passes through this passageway (labeled A in diagram to the right) at the back of your throat. Food and liquids also pass through this area when you are eating.
Pharynx
This airway (labeled C in the adjacent diagram) is the most superior part of lower respiratory trac
Tracheal
Look at the tubes labeled D in the adjacent diagram. To enter either the left or right lung, air flows through the left or right ____
Bronchus
These tubes are labeled E in the adjacent diagram. They are small, collapsible passageways that are surround by smooth muscle cells. They are the transition zone between the main airways and the exchange epithelium of the lungs.
Bronchioles
The terminal air sacs in the lungs are where oxygen can enter the pulmonary circulation and carbon dioxide can leave. They are labeled F in the adjacent diagram and called _____
Alveoli
The main muscle that controls the rate and depth of breathing is labeled G in the adjacent diagram. It also forms the floor of the thoracic cavity.
Diaphragm
There are two main types of cells that make up the walls of the terminal air sacs in the respiratory system. The _____ synthesize a chemical called surfactant and secrete it to mix with fluid in those air sacks. This mixture makes it easier for these air sacs to expand during breathing.
Type 2 pneumocytes
The other cells that make of the walls of the terminal air sacs, called ______, are very thin so that gases can diffuse rapidly through them, in or out of the blood.
Type 1 pneumocytes
Gases, like liquids, always move down a _____ gradient, from high to low. (Choose from: concentration, osmotic, or pressure)
Pressure
Air is a mixed gas, made up of many individual gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. There is also a little water vapor mixed in for good measure. This gas law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted by the individual gases.
Dalton’s law