Chapter 13 - Properties of Solutions

Question 1

What is solvation?

Answer 1

The attractive interaction of solvent molecules with the solute.

Question 2

What is hydration?

Answer 2

When the solvent is water.

Question 3

When do solutions form?

Answer 3

When one substance disperses uniformly throughout another.

Question 4

What is crystallization?

Answer 4

The formation of a solid from a solution, melt, vapor or from a different solid phase.

Question 5

What is saturation?

Answer 5

Saturation is the point at which a solution of a substance can dissolve no more of that substance.

Question 6

What does it mean when a solution is unsaturated?

Answer 6

It means there is less solute present than is needed to saturate the solution.

Question 7

What does it mean when a solution is supersaturated?

Answer 7

It means the solute concentration is greater than the equilibrium concentration value.

Question 8

What is solubility?

Answer 8

Relative capability of being dissolved.

Question 9

What are miscible liquids?

Answer 9

Liquids that mix in all proportions.

Question 10

What are immiscible liquids?

Answer 10

Liquids that do not dissolve significantly in one another.

Question 11

What does the axiom “like dissolves like” mean?

Answer 11

Polar and ionic solutes

tend to dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes tend to dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

Question 12

What is Henry’s law?

Answer 12

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid/solute.

Question 13

How is mass percentage calculated?

Answer 13

Mass of solute/Total mass * 100

Question 14

How is molarity calculated?

Answer 14

Moles of solute/Liters of solution

Question 15

How is molality calculated?

Answer 15

Moles of solute/Kilograms of Solvent

Question 16

What is a colligative property?

Answer 16

A physical property of a solution that depends on the concentration of solute particles present, regardless of the nature of the solute.

Question 17

How does a solution become more ideal?

Answer 17

The closer to zero the enthalpy of solution is, the more “ideal” the behavior of the solution becomes.

Question 18

What does the molal boiling-point-elevation-constant represent?

Answer 18

It represents the increase in boiling point for a 1 m solution of solute particles as compared with the pure solvent.

Question 19

What does the molal freezing-point-despression constant represent?

Answer 19

It represents the lowering of the freezing point of a solution for a 1 m solution of solute particles.

Question 20

What does the van’t Hoff factor represent?

Answer 20

It represents how many particles the solute breaks up into in the solvent.

Question 21

What is osmosis?

Answer 21

It is the movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated to a more concentrated solution.

Question 22

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 22

The minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 23

What is a colloid?

Answer 23

It is a substance in which microscopically dispersed insoluble particles are suspended throughout another substance.

Question 24

What is the tyndall effect?

Answer 24

The scattering of visible light by a colloid.

Question 25

What is Brownian motion?

Answer 25

It is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid (a liquid or a gas) resulting from their collision with the quick atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid.