Chapter 13 - Properties of Solutions Flashcards
What is solvation?
The attractive interaction of solvent molecules with the solute.
What is hydration?
When the solvent is water.
When do solutions form?
When one substance disperses uniformly throughout another.
What is crystallization?
The formation of a solid from a solution, melt, vapor or from a different solid phase.
What is saturation?
Saturation is the point at which a solution of a substance can dissolve no more of that substance.
What does it mean when a solution is unsaturated?
It means there is less solute present than is needed to saturate the solution.
What does it mean when a solution is supersaturated?
It means the solute concentration is greater than the equilibrium concentration value.
What is solubility?
Relative capability of being dissolved.
What are miscible liquids?
Liquids that mix in all proportions.
What are immiscible liquids?
Liquids that do not dissolve significantly in one another.
What does the axiom “like dissolves like” mean?
Polar and ionic solutes
tend to dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes tend to dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
What is Henry’s law?
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid/solute.
How is mass percentage calculated?
Mass of solute/Total mass * 100
How is molarity calculated?
Moles of solute/Liters of solution
How is molality calculated?
Moles of solute/Kilograms of Solvent
What is a colligative property?
A physical property of a solution that depends on the concentration of solute particles present, regardless of the nature of the solute.
How does a solution become more ideal?
The closer to zero the enthalpy of solution is, the more “ideal” the behavior of the solution becomes.
What does the molal boiling-point-elevation-constant represent?
It represents the increase in boiling point for a 1 m solution of solute particles as compared with the pure solvent.
What does the molal freezing-point-despression constant represent?
It represents the lowering of the freezing point of a solution for a 1 m solution of solute particles.
What does the van’t Hoff factor represent?
It represents how many particles the solute breaks up into in the solvent.
What is osmosis?
It is the movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated to a more concentrated solution.
What is osmotic pressure?
The minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.
What is a colloid?
It is a substance in which microscopically dispersed insoluble particles are suspended throughout another substance.
What is the tyndall effect?
The scattering of visible light by a colloid.
What is Brownian motion?
It is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid (a liquid or a gas) resulting from their collision with the quick atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid.
