Acids and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What does an Arrhenius acid do?

A

It accepts protons/makes (H3O+) in water.

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2
Q

What does an Arrhenius base do?

A

It donates protons/makes OH- in water.

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3
Q

What is a hydronium ion?

A

H3O+

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4
Q

What is a hydroxide ion?

A

OH-

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5
Q

What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

A

A proton donor

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6
Q

What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?

A

A proton acceptor

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7
Q

What is a Lewis acid?

A

A proton acceptor

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8
Q

What is a Lewis base?

A

A proton donor

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9
Q

When is a solution concentrated?

A

When there are a lot of solute molecules in the system.

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10
Q

When is a solution diluted?

A

When there are few solute molecules in the system.

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11
Q

What is a polyprotic acid?

A

When an acid has more than one proton to donate (more than one H+).

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12
Q

What is a conjugate acid?

A

What’s left after an acid donates it’s proton.

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13
Q

What is a conjugate base?

A

What’s present after a base accepts the proton (or donated its hydroxide ion).

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14
Q

What does “amphoteric” mean?

A

Species that can act as both acid and base (water is an example).

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15
Q

What is the chemical reaction of autoionization of water?

A

H2O –> H+ + OH-

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16
Q

What is the water dissociation constant?

A

Kw=1•E-14. Equilibrium constant for autoionization of water.

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17
Q

What is pH?

A

A logarithmic scale of acidity.

18
Q

What is a buffer?

A

Weak acid or base and its conjugate that resists changes in pH when acid or bases are added.

19
Q

What is titration?

A

When a known concentration solution reacts with an unknown concentration to determine concentration.

20
Q

What is an end point (or stoichiometric point)?

A

When all reactants have reacted in a titration—no left-over of any reactants.

21
Q

What does an indicator do?

A

Changes color at a certain pH.

22
Q

What is a titration curve?

A

Graph of pH versus volume of known solution.

23
Q

What is the pH level (range) of acids?

A

pH is less than 7.

24
Q

What is the pH level (range) of bases?

A

pH is more than 7.

25
What are the strong acids (7)?
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO3, HClO4, H2SO4.
26
What are two characteristics of acids?
Always contain H+ in chemical compound and turns litmus red.
27
What are two characteristics of bases?
Always contains OH- in chemical compound and turns litmus blue.
28
When are acids weak?
When they aren't one of the 7 strong acids.
29
What the the strong bases (8)?
LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2.
30
When are bases weak?
When they aren't one of the 8 strong bases.
31
For polyprotic acids, each successive proton is \_\_\_?
Weaker than the one before.
32
For strong acids, assume \_\_\_.
That [H+] = the concentration of the acid.
33
For strong bases, assume \_\_\_.
That [OH-] = the concentration of the base.
34
What kind of salt forms from WEAK ACID + STRONG BASE?
BASIC salt.
35
What kind of salt forms from WEAK ACID + WEAK BASE?
NEUTRAL salt.
36
What kind of salt forms from STRONG ACID + WEAK BASE?
ACIDIC salt.
37
What kind of salt forms from STRONG ACID + STRONG BASE?
NEUTRAL salt.
38
For a strong acid, there must be \_\_\_.
A weak conjugate base.
39
For a weak acid, there must be \_\_\_.
A strong conjugate base.
40
For a strong base, there must be \_\_\_.
A weak conjugate acid.
41
For a weak base, there must be \_\_\_.
A strong conjugate acid.