Acids and Bases Flashcards
What does an Arrhenius acid do?
It accepts protons/makes (H3O+) in water.
What does an Arrhenius base do?
It donates protons/makes OH- in water.
What is a hydronium ion?
H3O+
What is a hydroxide ion?
OH-
What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
A proton donor
What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?
A proton acceptor
What is a Lewis acid?
A proton acceptor
What is a Lewis base?
A proton donor
When is a solution concentrated?
When there are a lot of solute molecules in the system.
When is a solution diluted?
When there are few solute molecules in the system.
What is a polyprotic acid?
When an acid has more than one proton to donate (more than one H+).
What is a conjugate acid?
What’s left after an acid donates it’s proton.
What is a conjugate base?
What’s present after a base accepts the proton (or donated its hydroxide ion).
What does “amphoteric” mean?
Species that can act as both acid and base (water is an example).
What is the chemical reaction of autoionization of water?
H2O –> H+ + OH-
What is the water dissociation constant?
Kw=1•E-14. Equilibrium constant for autoionization of water.
What is pH?
A logarithmic scale of acidity.
What is a buffer?
Weak acid or base and its conjugate that resists changes in pH when acid or bases are added.
What is titration?
When a known concentration solution reacts with an unknown concentration to determine concentration.
What is an end point (or stoichiometric point)?
When all reactants have reacted in a titration—no left-over of any reactants.
What does an indicator do?
Changes color at a certain pH.
What is a titration curve?
Graph of pH versus volume of known solution.
What is the pH level (range) of acids?
pH is less than 7.
What is the pH level (range) of bases?
pH is more than 7.
What are the strong acids (7)?
HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO3, HClO4, H2SO4.
What are two characteristics of acids?
Always contain H+ in chemical compound and turns litmus red.
What are two characteristics of bases?
Always contains OH- in chemical compound and turns litmus blue.
When are acids weak?
When they aren’t one of the 7 strong acids.
What the the strong bases (8)?
LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2.
When are bases weak?
When they aren’t one of the 8 strong bases.
For polyprotic acids, each successive proton is ___?
Weaker than the one before.
For strong acids, assume ___.
That [H+] = the concentration of the acid.
For strong bases, assume ___.
That [OH-] = the concentration of the base.
What kind of salt forms from WEAK ACID + STRONG BASE?
BASIC salt.
What kind of salt forms from WEAK ACID + WEAK BASE?
NEUTRAL salt.
What kind of salt forms from STRONG ACID + WEAK BASE?
ACIDIC salt.
What kind of salt forms from STRONG ACID + STRONG BASE?
NEUTRAL salt.
For a strong acid, there must be ___.
A weak conjugate base.
For a weak acid, there must be ___.
A strong conjugate base.
For a strong base, there must be ___.
A weak conjugate acid.
For a weak base, there must be ___.
A strong conjugate acid.
