Chapter 13 Practice test Flashcards
Which of the following structures is not nervous tissue associated with the spinal cord?
filum terminale
The spinal cord of an adult usually ends at __________.
the level of the intervertebral disc between L1 and L2
The gray matter of the spinal cord __________.
contains cell bodies of interneurons in the dorsal horns. is a mixture of neuronal cell bodies, non-myelinated axons, dendrites, and neuroglia
Lumbar punctures are performed between L3 and L4 or between L4 and L5. To what depth must a needle be inserted to obtain a sample of CSF?
to the depth of the subarachnoid space
Damage to the spinal cord that is limited to the descending pathways in the white matter, leaving the spinal cord motor neurons and spinal reflexes intact, resulting in __________ paralysis
spastic
The main visceral control center of the body, which regulates many activities of visceral organs, is the __________.
hypothalamus
The __________ coordinates body movements and has been recently discovered to play a role in language, problem solving, and task planning.
cerebellum
All of the following, except __________, are functions of the medulla oblongata.
formation of memory
What is the role of the superior colliculi of the corpora quadrigemina?
They act in visual reflexes.
The functions of Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are __________ and __________, respectively.
speech production and speech comprehension
Every part of the brain that communicates with the cerebral cortex must relay its signals through a nucleus in the __________.
thalamus
The __________ secretes melatonin, which helps the body prepare for sleep.
pineal gland
Damage to which region of the brain would result in someone being unable to identify an item in his or her pocket by touch alone?
somatosensory association cortex
The structure of the limbic system that allows a person to recognize menacing facial expressions and to detect the precise direction of the gaze of someone staring at him or her is the __________.
amygdala
cerebral cortex is the adult brain structure for what secondary brain vesicle?
telencephalon
thalamus is the adult brain structure for what secondary brain vesicle?
diencephalon
brain stem: midbrain is the adult brain structure for what secondary brain vesicle?
mesencephalon
a “bridge” that relays nerve impulses: contains the nuclei of cranial nerves V_VII between the cerebrum and cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncles
The pons
The areas of the cerebral cortex involved with conscious awareness of sensation (general somatic sense, vision, hearing, balance, taste, or smell) occur in all lobes except the __________.
frontal lobe
_______ results from endothelial cells in brain capillaries joined entirely by tight junctions, making those capillaries the least permeable: capillaries in the body
The blood_brain barrier
Which of the following sequences of sites accurately describes the flow of cerebral spinal fluid, after it leaves the lateral ventricles?
interventricular foramen; third ventricle; cerebral aqueduct; fourth ventricle; median and lateral apertures; subarachnoid// space; arachnoid granulation; superior
The function of arachnoid granulations is to __________.
act as valves that allow CSF to pass from the subarachnoid space into the dural blood sinuses
Basal Nuclei
modulate movement in conjunction with the cerebral cortex
Forebrain Basal Nuclei
play a role in learning and memory; synthesize and release acetylcholine
Corpus Callosum
connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres
Posterior association Area
integrates input from somatic sensory, visual, and auditory association areas; contributes to language comprehension and analysis
Anterior association area
integrates input from other association areas to plan and initiate motor responses; performs cognitive functions (for example, remembering information)
Reticular Formation
governs arousal of brain as a whole; maintains consciousness and alertness
allows one to shift between thoughts and express emotions through gestures.
cingulate gyrus
__________ disease is characterized by slow, jerky movements, tremors, and great difficulty in initiating voluntary movements; it results from degeneration of a portion of the substantia nigra, or nigro-striatal dopamine pathway.
Parkinson’s,
What and where is the “ventral stream”?
a visual processing center responsible for recognizing objects; located in the inferior temporal lobe
Smells trigger emotions because of the rhinencephalon’s close association with the __________ system.
limbic
The __________ cortex processes taste information from the tongue.
gustatory
The functions of the hypothalamus overlap with functions of the medulla oblongata in what respect?
in helping to regulate heart rate and blood pressure
__________ tracts control precise and skilled voluntary movements such as writing and threading a needle.
Pyramidal
the “gateway” to the cerebral cortex
a relay station for sensory information ascending to most of the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex: the “gateway” to the cerebral cortex
