Chapter 13 Practice test Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following structures is not nervous tissue associated with the spinal cord?

A

filum terminale

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2
Q

The spinal cord of an adult usually ends at __________.

A

the level of the intervertebral disc between L1 and L2

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3
Q

The gray matter of the spinal cord __________.

A

contains cell bodies of interneurons in the dorsal horns. is a mixture of neuronal cell bodies, non-myelinated axons, dendrites, and neuroglia

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4
Q

Lumbar punctures are performed between L3 and L4 or between L4 and L5. To what depth must a needle be inserted to obtain a sample of CSF?

A

to the depth of the subarachnoid space

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5
Q

Damage to the spinal cord that is limited to the descending pathways in the white matter, leaving the spinal cord motor neurons and spinal reflexes intact, resulting in __________ paralysis

A

spastic

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6
Q

The main visceral control center of the body, which regulates many activities of visceral organs, is the __________.

A

hypothalamus

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7
Q

The __________ coordinates body movements and has been recently discovered to play a role in language, problem solving, and task planning.

A

cerebellum

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8
Q

All of the following, except __________, are functions of the medulla oblongata.

A

formation of memory

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9
Q

What is the role of the superior colliculi of the corpora quadrigemina?

A

They act in visual reflexes.

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10
Q

The functions of Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are __________ and __________, respectively.

A

speech production and speech comprehension

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11
Q

Every part of the brain that communicates with the cerebral cortex must relay its signals through a nucleus in the __________.

A

thalamus

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12
Q

The __________ secretes melatonin, which helps the body prepare for sleep.

A

pineal gland

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13
Q

Damage to which region of the brain would result in someone being unable to identify an item in his or her pocket by touch alone?

A

somatosensory association cortex

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14
Q

The structure of the limbic system that allows a person to recognize menacing facial expressions and to detect the precise direction of the gaze of someone staring at him or her is the __________.

A

amygdala

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15
Q

cerebral cortex is the adult brain structure for what secondary brain vesicle?

A

telencephalon

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16
Q

thalamus is the adult brain structure for what secondary brain vesicle?

A

diencephalon

17
Q

brain stem: midbrain is the adult brain structure for what secondary brain vesicle?

A

mesencephalon

18
Q

a “bridge” that relays nerve impulses: contains the nuclei of cranial nerves V_VII between the cerebrum and cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncles

A

The pons

19
Q

The areas of the cerebral cortex involved with conscious awareness of sensation (general somatic sense, vision, hearing, balance, taste, or smell) occur in all lobes except the __________.

A

frontal lobe

20
Q

_______ results from endothelial cells in brain capillaries joined entirely by tight junctions, making those capillaries the least permeable: capillaries in the body

A

The blood_brain barrier

21
Q

Which of the following sequences of sites accurately describes the flow of cerebral spinal fluid, after it leaves the lateral ventricles?

A

interventricular foramen; third ventricle; cerebral aqueduct; fourth ventricle; median and lateral apertures; subarachnoid// space; arachnoid granulation; superior

22
Q

The function of arachnoid granulations is to __________.

A

act as valves that allow CSF to pass from the subarachnoid space into the dural blood sinuses

23
Q

Basal Nuclei

A

modulate movement in conjunction with the cerebral cortex

24
Q

Forebrain Basal Nuclei

A

play a role in learning and memory; synthesize and release acetylcholine

25
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

26
Q

Posterior association Area

A

integrates input from somatic sensory, visual, and auditory association areas; contributes to language comprehension and analysis

27
Q

Anterior association area

A

integrates input from other association areas to plan and initiate motor responses; performs cognitive functions (for example, remembering information)

28
Q

Reticular Formation

A

governs arousal of brain as a whole; maintains consciousness and alertness

29
Q

allows one to shift between thoughts and express emotions through gestures.

A

cingulate gyrus

30
Q

__________ disease is characterized by slow, jerky movements, tremors, and great difficulty in initiating voluntary movements; it results from degeneration of a portion of the substantia nigra, or nigro-striatal dopamine pathway.

A

Parkinson’s,

31
Q

What and where is the “ventral stream”?

A

a visual processing center responsible for recognizing objects; located in the inferior temporal lobe

32
Q

Smells trigger emotions because of the rhinencephalon’s close association with the __________ system.

A

limbic

33
Q

The __________ cortex processes taste information from the tongue.

A

gustatory

34
Q

The functions of the hypothalamus overlap with functions of the medulla oblongata in what respect?

A

in helping to regulate heart rate and blood pressure

35
Q

__________ tracts control precise and skilled voluntary movements such as writing and threading a needle.

A

Pyramidal

36
Q

the “gateway” to the cerebral cortex

A

a relay station for sensory information ascending to most of the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex: the “gateway” to the cerebral cortex