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Adult Language Disorders CSD 510 > Chapter 13 and 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 and 15 Flashcards

1
Q

neural tissue requires

A

a constant supply of oxygenated blood to carry out its roles

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2
Q

blood brain barrier has a

A

protective function so not everything in the blood stream will reach neural tissue

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3
Q

arterial system

A

supplied by the internal carotid and vertebral arteries

both sets run in pairs to supply blood to the brain

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4
Q

internal carotid system

A

80%
arise from the common carotid arteries

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5
Q

vertebral system

A

20%
run up from the back of the neck, meet to form basilar artery

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6
Q

after the arterial systems enter the skull they join to form the

A

circle of willis

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7
Q

the circle of willis is meant to be protective, but is frequently a location for

A

aneurysms

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8
Q

what arteries exit the circle of willis

A

anterior cerebral arteries (ACA)
middle cerebral arteries (MCA)
posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)

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9
Q

the 3 main pairs of arteries that account for blood supply to the brain are …

A

anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
posterior cerebral artery

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10
Q

the middle cerebral artery is the main location for

A

strokes aka CVA

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11
Q

watershed regions exists between each of the

A

main cerebral blood supply distributions

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12
Q

thalamus is the

A

relay system/ gatekeeper for all major portions of the brain

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13
Q

basal ganglia is a key component for

A

motor system and cognition

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14
Q

the blood brain barrier is a

A

filter

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15
Q

how is the blood brain barrier a protective mechanism

A

prevents larger pathogens/ viruses from entering brain and hold good structures in the brain to maintain chemical balance

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16
Q

does alcohol get through the blood brain barrier

A

yes
especially into the cerebellum (coordination/balance)

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17
Q

stroke definition

A

abrupt and dramatic development of a focal neurological deficit caused by arterial occlusion or hemorrhage

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18
Q

what is the cerebrovascular system responsible for

A

the distribution of oxygenated and nutrient, rich blood to the brain and spinal structures

essential to the functions of those structures

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19
Q

what does the vascular system serve

A

the entire body, but the brain is one of the first structures to receive oxygen, rich blood from the heart by the way of the aorta, and its branches

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20
Q

medical attention immediately after onset of suspected CVS is essential for

A

maximizing outcomes

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21
Q

what is recovery

A

restoration of the function within an area of the cortex that was initially lost after the injury

22
Q

what is compensation

A

when a different neural tissue takes over function lost after an injury

23
Q

neuroplasticity definition

A

nervous system’s ability to change is a complex construct

24
Q

what are the two types of neuroplasticity

A

neural
behavioral

25
Q

neural/ microplasticity

A

takes place on a cellular level

26
Q

behavioral/ macroplasticity

A

changes in function

27
Q

neuroplasticity maladaptive

A

poor recovery results and ineffective rewiring

28
Q

brain changes at cellular level=

A

how neurons adapt and repair themselves

29
Q

long term potentiation (LTP)

A

process of increasing neuroplasticity with strengthening synapses and networks

30
Q

LTP
patterns of activity leads to

A

patterns of neural stimulations, crucial for plastic nervous system

31
Q

synaptic potentiation

A

changes at cell/synaptic level
increases sensitivity to signals

32
Q

structural potential

A

changes to networks of neurons. sprouting, additional dendrites and dendritic branches on axon collaterals

33
Q

structural depression

A

decline in dendrite and axon collaterals (pruning)

34
Q

behavioral/system level changes=

A

allows brain to respond to environmental changes or changes in the organism itself

35
Q

principles of experience-dependent on neural plasticity

A

use it or lose it
use it and improve it
specificity
repetition matters
intensity matters
time matters
salience matters
age matters
transerence matters
interference

36
Q

use it and improve it

A

practice makes permanence, perfect practice makes perfect

37
Q

specificity

A

treatment targets must be equivalent to behaviors we wish to change

38
Q

intensity matters

A

how much intervention is optimal? how many sessions? how long should the treatment period be?

39
Q

time matters

A

when is the optimal time for intervention, what is appropriate for chronic recovery may not always be appropriate in acute recovery

40
Q

salience matter

A

the more personally relevant the action=more impact
“we remember what is important to us”

41
Q

transference matters

A

generalization
how therapy tasks can be used in real world

42
Q

interference

A

plasticity response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
benefitting in one area can interfere in a different area

43
Q

removing contexts for relevant tasks and environments can alter ability to generalize=

A

potential lead to maladaptive changes

44
Q

application of experiece-dependent plasticity

A

dosing
accuracy
individualized
carryover
environment
intrinsic

45
Q

intensity

A

total time in therapy sessions and distribution of sessions

46
Q

dose

A

number of teaching episodes in a session

47
Q

therapeutic alliance

A

degree to which client agrees with and believes that the approach a therapist is using will result in improvement

48
Q

plasticity is relevant to

A

typical development, aging, and recovery following neurological lesions

49
Q

long term potentiation is a process of

A

strengthening neural networks through stimulation and is critical for memory and learning

50
Q

plasticity can be

A

adaptive or maladaptive

Adult Language Disorders CSD 510 (3 decks)

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