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Psych 1030H Test 4 > Chapter 13: Personality > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

A

Personality

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2
Q

Theories that view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences

A

Psychodynamic Theories

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3
Q

Freud’s theory of personality and therapeutic technique, attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

A

Psychoanalysis

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4
Q

According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware

A

Unconscious

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5
Q

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

A

Free Association

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6
Q

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. It operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.

A

Id

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7
Q

The partly conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. It operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.

A

Ego

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8
Q

The partly conscious part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations

A

Superego

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9
Q

The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones.

A

Psychosexual Stages

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10
Q

The psychosexual stage that occurs from 0-18 months, in which pleasure centers on the mouth- sucking, biting, and chewing

A

Oral

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11
Q

The psychosexual stage that occurs from 18-36 months, in which pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

A

Anal

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12
Q

The psychosexual stage that occurs from 3-5 years, in which the pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings

A

Phallic

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13
Q

The psychosexual stage that occurs from 6 years to puberty; a phase of dormant sexual feelings

A

Latency

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14
Q

The psychosexual stage that occurs from puberty onwards; a maturation of sexual interests

A

Genital

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15
Q

According to Freud, a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealously and hatred for the rival father

A

Oedipus Complex

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16
Q

The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos

A

Identification

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17
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved

A

Fixation

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18
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

A

Defense Mechanisms

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19
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.

A

Repression

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20
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that entails retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

A

Regression

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21
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism which entails switching unacceptable impulses into their opposite

A

Reaction Formation

22
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that entails disguising one’s own impulses by attributing them to others

A

Projection

23
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that entails offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions

A

Rationalization

24
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that entails shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

A

Displacement

25
Q

In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that entails refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities

A

Denial

26
Q

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history

A

Collective Unconscious

27
Q

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

28
Q

A personality test, such as the TAT or Rorschach, that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics.

A

Projective Test

29
Q

A projective test designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing how they interpret 10 inkblots

A

Rorschach Inkblot Test

30
Q

Theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth

A

Humanistic Theories

31
Q

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before people can fulfill their higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs.

A

Hierarchy of Needs

32
Q

According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential.

A

Self-Actualization

33
Q

According to Maslow, the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self.

A

Self-Transcendence

34
Q

A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help people develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

A

Unconditional Positive Regard

35
Q

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “Who am I?

A

Self-Concept

36
Q

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

A

Traits

37
Q

A questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.

A

Personality Inventories

38
Q

The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes.

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

39
Q

A test (such as the MMPI) created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups

A

Empirically Derived

40
Q

Researchers identified five factors—openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism—that describe personality.

A

Big Five Factors

41
Q

A view of behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits (including their thinking) and their social context

A

Social-Cognitive Perspective

42
Q

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

A

Reciprocal Determinism

43
Q

In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

A

Self

44
Q

Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).

A

Spotlight Effect

45
Q

One’s feelings of high or low self-worth

A

Self-Esteem

46
Q

One’s sense of competence on a task

A

Self-Efficacy

47
Q

A readiness to perceive ourselves favorably

A

Self-Serving Bias

48
Q

Excessive self-love and self-absorption

A

Narcissism

49
Q

A cultural pattern that emphasizes people’s own goals over group goals and defines identity mainly in terms of unique personal attributes

A

Individualist

50
Q

A cultural pattern that prioritizes the goals of important groups (often one’s extended family or work group).

A

Collectivism

Psych 1030H Test 4 (3 decks)

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