Chapter 13- Pathophysiology (pt.2)

Question 1

What is the primary function of blood?

Answer 1

Carrying oxygen and nutrients through the vessels to the capillary beds and tissue

Question 2

What are the main components of blood?

Answer 2

• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platelets
• Plasma

Question 3

What is the role of red blood cells?

Answer 3

Transporting oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide away from the cells

Question 4

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 4

Help the body fight infection

Question 5

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 5

Assist in forming blood clots

Question 6

What is the role of plasma in blood?

Answer 6

Contains electrolytes and fluid, which are important for cells to function

Question 7

What happens when tissue is hypoperfused?

Answer 7

The body attempts to compensate by regulating blood pressure

Question 8

What is capillary hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 8

(Pressure within the capillary bed) that tends to force fluids through capillary walls

Question 9

What does interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure do?

Answer 9

Pushes fluid back into the cells

(pressure around the capillary bed)

Question 10

Define blood pressure.

Answer 10

The pressure of blood within the vessels at any moment in time

Question 11

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 11

The peak arterial pressure generated when the heart contracts

Question 12

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 12

The pressure maintained within the arteries while the heart is at rest

Question 13

How is pulse pressure calculated?

Answer 13

Systolic - Diastolic

Question 14

What regulates blood flow through capillary beds?

Answer 14

Capillary sphincters-circular muscular walls that constrict and dilate to regulate amount of blood that goes to different organs

Question 15

What controls capillary sphincters?

Answer 15

The autonomic nervous system

Question 16

True or False: The brain requires a constant amount of blood.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What do capillary sphincters respond to?

Answer 17

• Heat
• Cold
• The need for oxygen
• The need for waste removal

Question 18

What is perfusion?

Answer 18

The process of delivering blood to the capillary beds

Question 19

What is one of the primary waste products of cellular metabolism?

Answer 19

Carbon dioxide

Question 20

What mechanisms support the respiratory and cardiovascular systems during increased need for perfusion?

Answer 20

• Autonomic nervous system
• Hormonal mechanisms

Triggered when body senses that system pressure is falling

Question 21

What hormones are released during the fight-or-flight response?

Answer 21

• Epinephrine
• Norepinephrine

Question 22

What is peripheral vasoconstriction?

Answer 22

Reducing blood flow to the skin to shunt blood to vital organs

Question 23

What happens to body fluids to maintain pressure within the system?

Answer 23

Reabsorption of fluid into the bloodstream when passing through the kidneys

Question 24

What causes the signs and symptoms of shock in a patient?

Answer 24

The response of the autonomic nervous system and hormones

Question 25

Digestive system requires more blood while ________ and less when_______

Answer 25

more blood while digesting food less blood when you are not eating

Question 26

Together, flight of flight response (causes vasoconstriction) and peripheral vasoconstriction helps maintain pressure in the system and sustain perfusion to vital organs.

Answer 26

True.