Chapter 13- Obstructive Shock Flashcards
What is obstructive shock?
Obstructive shock is caused by an obstruction that prevents an adequate volume of blood from being distributed to the body.
Name three common examples of obstructive shock.
- Cardiac tamponade
- Tension pneumothorax
- Pulmonary embolism
What is a pericardial effusion?
A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium.
What condition occurs when a pericardial effusion becomes large enough to prevent ventricles from filling with blood?
Cardiac tamponade.
What are potential causes of cardiac tamponade?
- Large pericardial effusions
- Blunt or penetrating trauma
- Hemorrhage around the heart
- Cancer
- Autoimmune diseases
What happens during cardiac tamponade?
Accumulated blood or fluid exerts back pressure on the outer walls of the heart, preventing it from completely refilling with blood.
What is the Beck triad?
The signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade
The presence of jugular vein distention, muffled heart sounds, and a narrowing pulse pressure.
What is tension pneumothorax?
A condition caused by damage to lung tissue allowing air to escape into the chest cavity.
What occurs if a pneumothorax progresses to a tension pneumothorax?
Air accumulates and applies pressure to the heart and greater vessels.
What is a late sign of tension pneumothorax?
Tracheal deviation.
trapped air shifts the chest organs to uninjured side
affected side has absent lung sounds and patient may become cyanotic
What can happen to the vena cava in tension pneumothorax?
It loses its ability to stay fully expanded, leading to reduced blood return to the right side of the heart.
What is a pulmonary embolism?
A blood clot that occurs in the pulmonary arteries and blocks the flow of blood through the lungs.
What can a massive pulmonary embolism cause?
It can prevent blood from being pumped from the right side of the heart to the left, resulting in catastrophic obstructive shock.
