Chapter 13 - Pathology

Question 1

Anemia (!!!)

Answer 1

Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemogloblin

Question 2

Aplastic anemia (!!!)

Answer 2

Failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells

Question 3

Pancytopenia

Answer 3

An abnormal deficiency in all blood cells - leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes

Question 4

What is the most common type of anemia?

Answer 4

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 5

Hemolytic Anemia (!!!)

Answer 5

Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

Question 6

Congenital Spherocytic Anemia

Answer 6

1. An example of hemolytic anemia

2. Instead of their normal biconclave shape, erythrocytes become spheroidal

Question 7

Pernicious Anemia (!!!)

Answer 7

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

Question 8

Sickle Cell Anemia (!!!)

Answer 8

Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemogloblin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis

Question 9

Thalassemia (!!!)

Answer 9

1. Inherited disorder of abnormal hemogloblin leading to hypochromia (cells have reduced color, less hemogloblin).
2. Basically, inherited defect in the ability to produce hemogloblin.

Question 10

Hemochromatosis (!!!)

Answer 10

Excess iron deposits throughout the body

Question 11

Ploycythemia Vera (!!!)

Answer 11

General increase in red blood cells (erythremia). Your bone marrow makes too many red blood cells.

Question 12

Hemophilia

Answer 12

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary for blood clotting

Question 13

Purapura

Answer 13

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhage and accumulation of blood under skin

Question 14

Leukemia

Answer 14

Increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes)

Question 15

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

Answer 15

Immature granulocytes predominates. Diminished platelets and erythrocytes.

Question 16

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL)

Answer 16

1. Immature lymphocytes predominate.

2. Most often seen in children and adolescents

Question 17

Chronic Myeloid (myleocytic) leukemia (CML)

Answer 17

1. Both mature and immature granulocytes predominate in marrow and blood.
2. Slow progressive illness with elderly patient. May live many years.

Question 18

Chronic lymphoid (lymphocytic) leukemia (CLL)

Answer 18

1. Abnormal numbers of mature lymphocytes predominate in marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen
2. Slow progressive course and usually occurs in the elderly

Question 19

Granulocytosis

Answer 19

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood

Question 20

Mononucleosis

Answer 20

An infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Question 21

Multiple myeloma

Answer 21

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow. Malignant cells destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins.