Chapter 13 - Pathology Flashcards
Anemia (!!!)
Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemogloblin
Aplastic anemia (!!!)
Failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells
Pancytopenia
An abnormal deficiency in all blood cells - leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes
What is the most common type of anemia?
Iron-deficiency anemia
Hemolytic Anemia (!!!)
Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
Congenital Spherocytic Anemia
- An example of hemolytic anemia
2. Instead of their normal biconclave shape, erythrocytes become spheroidal
Pernicious Anemia (!!!)
Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
Sickle Cell Anemia (!!!)
Hereditary disorder of abnormal hemogloblin producing sickle-shaped erythrocytes and hemolysis
Thalassemia (!!!)
- Inherited disorder of abnormal hemogloblin leading to hypochromia (cells have reduced color, less hemogloblin).
- Basically, inherited defect in the ability to produce hemogloblin.
Hemochromatosis (!!!)
Excess iron deposits throughout the body
Ploycythemia Vera (!!!)
General increase in red blood cells (erythremia). Your bone marrow makes too many red blood cells.
Hemophilia
Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary for blood clotting
Purapura
Multiple pinpoint hemorrhage and accumulation of blood under skin
Leukemia
Increase in cancerous white blood cells (leukocytes)
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
Immature granulocytes predominates. Diminished platelets and erythrocytes.
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL)
- Immature lymphocytes predominate.
2. Most often seen in children and adolescents
Chronic Myeloid (myleocytic) leukemia (CML)
- Both mature and immature granulocytes predominate in marrow and blood.
- Slow progressive illness with elderly patient. May live many years.
Chronic lymphoid (lymphocytic) leukemia (CLL)
- Abnormal numbers of mature lymphocytes predominate in marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen
- Slow progressive course and usually occurs in the elderly
Granulocytosis
Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood
Mononucleosis
An infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes
Multiple myeloma
Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow. Malignant cells destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins.
