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Medical Terminology Part 5 > Chapter 13 - Key Vocabs > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Key Vocabs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Albumin

A

Protein in the blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

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2
Q

Antibody

A

A specific protein produced by the lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens

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3
Q

Antigen

A

A substance (usually foreign) that stimulates production of an antibody

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4
Q

Basophil

A

White blood cells that contains granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin

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5
Q

Bilirubin

A

Orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by breakdown of hemoglobin when RBCs are destroyed

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6
Q

Coagulation

A

Blood clotting

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7
Q

Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

A

Protein that stimulates the growth of white blood cells

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8
Q

Differentiation

A

The change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

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9
Q

Electrophoresis

A

A method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

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10
Q

Eosinophils

A

White blood cells that contains granules that stain red; associated with allergic reaction

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11
Q

Erythroblast

A

An immature red blood cell

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12
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red Blood Cells

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13
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation

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14
Q

Fibrin

A

Protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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15
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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16
Q

Globulin

A

Plasma protein; such as alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are example

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17
Q

Granulocyte

A
  1. White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules

2. Eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

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18
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell

A

A cell in bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

19
Q

Hemogloblin

A

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

20
Q

Hemolysis

A

Destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells)

21
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

22
Q

Immune Reaction

A

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

23
Q

Immunoglobulin

A

A protein with antibody activity. Examples: IgG, M, A, D,E

24
Q

Leukocyte

A

White blood cell

25
Q

Lymphocyte

A

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

26
Q

Macrophages

A
  1. Monocytes that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces
  2. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris
  3. They also destroy/remove worn out RBCs
27
Q

Megakaryocyte

A

Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

28
Q

Monocytes

A
  1. Leukocyte with one large nucleus
  2. Engulfs foreign material and debris
  3. Become macrophages
29
Q

Mononuclear

A
  1. Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus
  2. Lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes
30
Q

Myeloblast

A

Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes

31
Q

Neutrophil

A
  1. Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow.
  2. Phagocytic tissue-fighting cell
  3. Also called polymorphonuclear leukocyte
32
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, slats, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

33
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

34
Q

Platelet

A

A small blood fragment important in clotting. Collects at the site of injury.

35
Q

Polymorphonuclear

A

Pertaining to a white blood cell with multi-shaped nucleus; neutrophils

36
Q

Prothrombin

A

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

37
Q

Reticulocyte

A

Immature erthyrocyte

38
Q

Rh Factor

A

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh positive (Rh+) in individuals.

39
Q

Serum

A

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot.

40
Q

Stem cell

A

Unspecialized cell that give rise to mature, specialized forms

41
Q

Thrombin

A

Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

42
Q

Thrombocyte

A

Platelets

43
Q

Hemothorax

A

A collection of blood in the space between chest wall and the lung (pleural cavity). Basically a collection of blood in the pleural cavity.

Medical Terminology Part 5 (8 decks)

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