Chapter 13 - Important Slides

Question 1

What is the primary function of blood?

Answer 1

1. Transport food, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body.
2. Transports chemical messengers
3. Transports blood proteins, WBC, and platelets

Question 2

What are chemical messengers called?

Answer 2

Hormones

Question 3

What do the white blood cells do?

Answer 3

Fight infection. Immunity.

Question 4

What do the platelets do?

Answer 4

Help the blood clot

Question 5

What is the medical term for WBC

Answer 5

Leukocyte

Question 6

What is the medical term for platelet?

Answer 6

Thrombocytes

Question 7

What is the composition of blood?

Answer 7

45% Erythrocytes (RBCs) + leukocytes and platelets or thrombocytes

55% plasma (made up of water, proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, lipids and vitamins)

Question 8

What is an Erythrocytes? (!!!)

Answer 8

RBCs transports nutrients and oxygen.

Question 9

What is Leukocytes?

Answer 9

WBCs

Question 10

What is thrombocytes?

Answer 10

Platelets; clot blood

Question 11

What is an immature red blood cell called?

Answer 11

Erythroblastosis

Question 12

Where do Erythrocytes originate?

Answer 12

In the bone marrow

Question 13

What are the cells in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow that destroy worn-out erythrocytes?

Answer 13

Macrophages

Question 14

Where do all blood cells (red and white) originate from?

Answer 14

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Question 15

What are the 5 classes of leukocytes? List also from most numerous to least amount.

Answer 15

1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes
3. Monocytes
4. Eosinophils
5. Basophils

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Question 16

What is the function of neutrophils? (!!!)

Answer 16

Phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection. They ingest, swallow, and destroy the bacteria.

Question 17

What is the function of lymphocytes? (!!!)

Answer 17

Control the immune response; make antibodies to destroy antigens.

Question 18

What is the function of monocytes? (!!!)

Answer 18

Phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris. Fights disease, and cleans up dead and dying cells.

Question 19

What is the function of eosinophils? (!!!)

Answer 19

Phagocytic cells that are involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections. They engulf substances that trigger allergies.

Question 20

What is the function of basophils? (!!!)

Answer 20

Contains heparin (prevents clotting) and histamine (invovled in allergic responses)

Question 21

Which of the leukocytes are considered to be granulocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes?

Answer 21

All the ones that end with suffix -phils.

1. Basophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Neutrophils (often is most associated with “polymorphonuclear granulocytes”)

Question 22

Which of the leukocytes are considered mononuclear?

Answer 22

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 23

Where do platelets (thrombocytes) derive from?

Answer 23

Megakaryocytes, which derived from megakaryoblast.

Question 24

What are the 4 types of plasma protein?

Answer 24

1. Albumin
2. Globulins
3. Fibrinogen
4. Prothrombin

Question 25

What are fibrinogen and prothrombin?

Answer 25

Clotting proteins

Question 26

What does albumin do/function?

Answer 26

Maintains the proper portion and concentration of water in the blood.

Question 27

What are globulins?

Answer 27

They are another component of blood, and one of the plasma proteins.

Question 28

What are immunoglobulins?

Answer 28

Antibodies that bind and destroy antigens or foreign substances.

Question 29

What are the 5 immunoglobulins?

Answer 29

G.M.A.D.E

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE

Question 30

Describe the sequence of blood clotting process

Answer 30

Injured blood vessel –> tissue factor, clotting factors, and platelets aggregate at injure site–>activate Factor X, which with calcium and other factors stimulates the conversion of –> prothrombin –> to –> Thrombin –>which changes to Fibrinogen
–> to –> Fibrin clot