Chapter 13 - Important Slides Flashcards
What is the primary function of blood?
- Transport food, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body.
- Transports chemical messengers
- Transports blood proteins, WBC, and platelets
What are chemical messengers called?
Hormones
What do the white blood cells do?
Fight infection. Immunity.
What do the platelets do?
Help the blood clot
What is the medical term for WBC
Leukocyte
What is the medical term for platelet?
Thrombocytes
What is the composition of blood?
45% Erythrocytes (RBCs) + leukocytes and platelets or thrombocytes
55% plasma (made up of water, proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, lipids and vitamins)
What is an Erythrocytes? (!!!)
RBCs transports nutrients and oxygen.
What is Leukocytes?
WBCs
What is thrombocytes?
Platelets; clot blood
What is an immature red blood cell called?
Erythroblastosis
Where do Erythrocytes originate?
In the bone marrow
What are the cells in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow that destroy worn-out erythrocytes?
Macrophages
Where do all blood cells (red and white) originate from?
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
What are the 5 classes of leukocytes? List also from most numerous to least amount.
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
What is the function of neutrophils? (!!!)
Phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection. They ingest, swallow, and destroy the bacteria.
What is the function of lymphocytes? (!!!)
Control the immune response; make antibodies to destroy antigens.
What is the function of monocytes? (!!!)
Phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris. Fights disease, and cleans up dead and dying cells.
What is the function of eosinophils? (!!!)
Phagocytic cells that are involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections. They engulf substances that trigger allergies.
What is the function of basophils? (!!!)
Contains heparin (prevents clotting) and histamine (invovled in allergic responses)
Which of the leukocytes are considered to be granulocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes?
All the ones that end with suffix -phils.
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
- Neutrophils (often is most associated with “polymorphonuclear granulocytes”)
Which of the leukocytes are considered mononuclear?
Lymphocytes and monocytes
Where do platelets (thrombocytes) derive from?
Megakaryocytes, which derived from megakaryoblast.
What are the 4 types of plasma protein?
- Albumin
- Globulins
- Fibrinogen
- Prothrombin
What are fibrinogen and prothrombin?
Clotting proteins
What does albumin do/function?
Maintains the proper portion and concentration of water in the blood.
What are globulins?
They are another component of blood, and one of the plasma proteins.
What are immunoglobulins?
Antibodies that bind and destroy antigens or foreign substances.
What are the 5 immunoglobulins?
G.M.A.D.E
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
Describe the sequence of blood clotting process
Injured blood vessel –> tissue factor, clotting factors, and platelets aggregate at injure site–>activate Factor X, which with calcium and other factors stimulates the conversion of –> prothrombin –> to –> Thrombin –>which changes to Fibrinogen
–> to –> Fibrin clot
