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Nursing Assistant > Chapter 13 NA > Flashcards

Chapter 13 NA Flashcards

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1
Q

What Immune Responses fight off infection?

A
  • blood vessels bring blood to the infection site
  • White blood cells eat pathogens
  • Fever, which causes the environment for the pathogens to be too hot, and die
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2
Q

What are Mucous Membranes?

A

They secrete and destroy pathogens- lines all organ systems that open to the outside of the body

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3
Q

What do Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms do?

A

They help to protect us from all infections

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4
Q

What is the first line of defense against infection?

A

Healthy skin

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5
Q

What is Antibodies?

A

specialized proteins produced by the immune system that help our bodies to fight off specific pathogens, preventing infection

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6
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

a microbe that can cause illnesses

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7
Q

Where do pathogens prefer to live?

A

In an environment that is warm, moist, dark, and with proper amounts of oxygen

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8
Q

Types of Microbes?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Fungi
  • Parasites insects
  • Helminth worms
  • Protozoa
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9
Q

What is a microbe?

A

a living thing that cannot be seen with the naked eye

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10
Q

What is Specific Defense Mechanisms?

A

they help to protect us from certain infections

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11
Q

Why does our bodies produce antibodies?

A

following exposure to certain pathogens; the exposure may come from a previous infections with the pathogen or through a vaccination

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12
Q

What does antibiotics do?

A

it treats bacterial infections

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13
Q

What does antimicrobial do?

A

used to treat fungal and parasitic infections

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14
Q

What does antiviral agents do?

A

Used to treat viral infections

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15
Q

What is airborne pathogens?

A

pathogens that can be transmitted through the air

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16
Q

Examples of airborne pathogens?

A

-Tuberculosis
-Measles
- Chickenpox

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17
Q

What is oral-fecal route?

A

a method of transmitting an infection; occurs when feces containing a pathogen contaminate food or water, which is then consumed by another person

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18
Q

Examples of oral-fecal route?

A

-Hepatitis A
-Hepatitis E
-Vancomycin resistant enterococcus
- some types of parasitic infections

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19
Q

what is a bloodborne pathogen?

A

can be transmitted to another person through blood or other body fluids

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20
Q

examples of a bloodborne pathogens?

A
  • Hepatitis B
    -Hepatitis C
    -Malaria
    -Syphilis
  • Ebola
  • HIV/AIDS
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21
Q

Body fluids that could contain a bloodborne pathogen?

A
  • Needlesticks
  • blood
    -semen
  • vaginal secretions
    -wound drainage
  • cerebrospinal fluid
    -amniotic fluid
  • breast milk
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22
Q

What is the first step of the chain of infection?

A

Pathogen

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23
Q

What is the second step of the chain of infection?

A

Reservoir

24
Q

What is the third step of the chain of infection?

A

Portal of Exit

25
Q

What is the fourth step of the chain of infection?

A

Method of Transmission

26
Q

What is the fifth step of the chain of infection

A

Portal of Entry

27
Q

What is the sixth step of the chain of infection?

A

A susceptible host

28
Q

What is Reservoir?

A

A place where the pathogen can live and grow

29
Q

Where can a reservoir be found?

A

in the human body, food and water, and contaminated objects

30
Q

What is a portal of exit?

A

A way for the pathogen to leave the reservoir

31
Q

Where can the portal of exit be found?

A

through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary or reproductive tract, or through the skin in blood or pus

32
Q

What is the method of transmission?

A

A way for the pathogen to get from one person to another

33
Q

Examples of Method of Transmission

A
  • touching an infected person
  • breathing infected air
  • eating or drinking contaminated food or fluids
  • touching contaminated objects
    -vectors such as mosquitos, rodents, and ticks
34
Q

What is a Portal of Entry?

A

A way for the pathogen to enter the new person’s body

35
Q

Examples of a portal of entry

A

Through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary or reproductive tract, or through breaks in the skin

36
Q

Who is a good susceptible host?

A
  • A very young or old person
  • A person in poor general health
  • A person who is stressed and tired
  • A person with an indwelling medical device
37
Q

How do you break the chain of infection?

A

removing one of the six key elements

38
Q

What is healthcare associated infection (HAI)

A

infections that the patients or residents get while receiving treatment in a hospital or other health care facility or that health care workers get while performing their duties within a health care setting

39
Q

What is healthcare associated infection (HAI)

A

infections that the patients or residents get while receiving treatment in a hospital or other health care facility or that health care workers get while performing their duties within a health care setting

40
Q

What is a Nosocomial Infections?

A

Infections that patients or residents get while receiving treatments in a hospital or other healthcare facility

41
Q

What is Medical Asepsis?

A

techniques that are used to physically remove or kill pathogens

42
Q

What techniques are used in medical asepsis

A
  • sanitization
  • antisepsis
  • disinfection
    -sterilization
43
Q

What is Surgical Asepsis?

A

used for procedures that involve entering a person’s body, such as surgical procedures, injections, insertion of catheters, and insertion of urinary catheters

44
Q

What is PPE?

A

barriers that are worn to physically prevent microbes from reaching a health care providers skin or mucous membranes

45
Q

examples of PPE?

A
  • Gloves
    -Gowns
    -Masks
    -Goggles
46
Q

What is the order of putting on PPE?

A

-Gown
-Mask
-Eyewear
-Gloves

47
Q

What is the order for removing PPE?

A
  • Gloves
    -Eyewear
    -Mask
    -Gowns
48
Q

What is transient flora?

A

microbes that picked up by touching contaminated objects or people who have infectious diseases

49
Q

What is tuberculosis?

A

an airborne infection caused by bacterium that usually infects the lungs

50
Q

What is isolation precautions?

A

guidelines that we follow to contain pathogens and limits others exposure to them as much as possible

51
Q

What is transmission based precautions?

A

used when a person is known or thought to have an infection that is transmitted in a certain way

52
Q

Airborne precautions

A

Used when caring for people infected with airborne pathogens

53
Q

Droplet precautions

A

used when caring for people with diseases caused by pathogens that are transmitted by direct exposure to droplets released from the mouth or nose

54
Q

Contact precautions

A

used when caring for people with diseases caused by pathogens that are transmitted directly or indirectly

55
Q

Standard Precautions

A

safeguards that a health care worker takes with each patients or resident to prevent contract with bloodborne pathogens; include the use of barrier methods as well as certain environmental controls

56
Q

What is the most important method of precenting the spread of infection

A

Proper hand hygiene

Nursing Assistant (4 decks)

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