chapter 13: meiosis Flashcards
what’s the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
sexual: reproduction arising from fusion of two gametes
asexual: the generation of offspring from a single parent without the fusion of gametes
what are somatic cells?
any cell except reproductive ones
what is a gamete?
a haploid reproductive cell (formed by meiosis), that produce a diploid zygote
what is a locus?
location of a gene on a chromosome
what’s a karyotype?
a display of chromosome pairs arranged by size and shape
what are homologous chromosomes?
a pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
what are sister chromatids?
they are 2 identical copies of the same chromosome, formed by DNA replication
where do homologous chromosomes come from?
one homologous comes from mom and one homologous comes from dad
what are haploid cells (n)?
a cell containing only one set of chromosomes
what are diploid cells (2n)?
a cell containing two sets of chromosomes (one set from each parent)
what is fertilization?
the union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote
what is a zygote?
the diploid cell produced by the union go haploid gametes (a fertilized egg)
what is independent assortment? how does this process add to genetic variation?
- the process where different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cell develop
- helps genetic variation by creating sets of chromosomes with new combinations of alleles (creating unique variations)
what is crossing over? how does this process add to genetic variation?
- a process that involves the switching of genes between non-sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes takes place
- helps genetic variation by creating sets of chromosomes with new combinations of alleles (creating unique variations)
what is meiosis?
- type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half, producing 4 sex cells (gametes)
- type of cell division that creates haploid gametes from diploid cells
