Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 101 > chapter 10: photosynthesis > Flashcards

chapter 10: photosynthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is an autotroph?

A

an organism that produces its own food using light, water, or carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a heterotroph?

A

an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead they eat other plants/animals for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how did fossil fuels develop?

A

they formed from remains of organisms that died hundreds of millions of years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is photosynthesis and why is it important?

A

the conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugars, photosynthesis is important because it is critical or the existence of the vast majority on life on Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the parts of a leaf? where does gas exchange occur?

A

gas exchange occurs on the stomata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the parts of a chloroplast?

A

outer membrane, inner membrane, thylakoid membrane, grana, lumen, and stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is CO2 being reduced to during the process of photosynthesis?

A

sugars (glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why is photosynthesis considered an endergonic reaction?

A

photosynthesis is endergonic because plants cannot initiate the process until they absorb light energy (energy is needed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two major phases of photosynthesis? what comes in and goes out?

A
  • light reactions: inputs are sunlight, water, ADP, NADP+ and its outputs are ATP, NADPH, and O2
  • dark reactions (Calvin cycle): inputs are ATP, NADPH, and CO2 and its outputs are ADP, G3P, and NADP+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the source of electrons in the light reaction? what is the waste product?

A

water provides electrons for light reactions, oxygen is the waste product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is NADP+ and NADPH?

A

NADP+: the oxidized form that acts as an electron carrier
NADPH: the reduced form that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which phase of photosynthesis does not require light?

A

Calvin cycle (dark reactions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is visible light?

A

the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected by the human eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a photon?

A

light energy that behaves as if it were a particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a pigment?

A

substances that absorb visible light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why do plants look green to our eye?

A

light absorbs every other color and only reflects green out

17
Q

ground state vs excited state

A
  • when electrons are in a ground state, they have lower energy and are more stable
  • when electrons are in a excited state, they have more energy and are not stable
18
Q

how does a pigment molecule excite an electron?

A

when electrons in the pigment absorb energy, the energy move the electrons to an excited state

19
Q

what is a photosystem?

A

light capturing units, consisting of a reaction center complex surrounded by numerous light-harvesting complexes

19
Q

what is photosystem II?

A

a light capturing unit in a chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane (contains two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a)

20
Q

what is photosystem I?

A

a light capturing unit in a chloroplasts thylakoid membrane (contains two molecules of P700 chlorophyll a)

21
Q

where does the light reaction take place in chloroplasts?

A

the thylakoid

22
Q

what is noncyclic (linear) electron flow? what is produced?

A
  • a route on electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves both photosystems I and II
  • produces ATP and NADPH
23
Q

how does energy move around from electron to electron in a photosystem?

A

through the electron transport chain

24
Q

what is a reaction center?

A

a complex of proteins associated with a pair of chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor

25
Q

what is cyclic electron flow? what is produced?

A
  • a route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I
  • produces ATP
26
Q

what is the main difference between linear electron flow and cyclic electron flow?

A

noncyclic electron flow uses both photosystems, while cyclic electron flow only uses photosystem I

27
Q

what is the point of the Calvin cycle?

A

the main function of the Calvin cycle is carbon fixation, making simple sugars (3 carbon sugar) from carbon dioxide and water

28
Q

what are the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle?

A

fixation, reduction, regeneration

29
Q

what is carbon fixation?

A

the process in which CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds by an autotrophic organism

30
Q

what comes into the Calvin cycle? what comes out of the Calvin cycle?

A
  • CO2, ATP, and NADPH
  • a 3 carbon sugar (G3P), ADP, and NADP+
31
Q

what is G3P?

A

a 3 carbon carbohydrate that is the direct product of the Calvin cycle

32
Q

where does the Calvin cycle take place?

A

the stroma

BIOL 101 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions