Chapter 13- Heart and Circulation Flashcards
Interruption of blood to brain for 8 seconds
unconsciousness
Result of lack of O2 (cardiac arrest) for 6 minutes.
Brain death
L and R atria receive ________ blood and pump it into ________.
venous; ventricles
______ Artrium and _______ ventricle are apart of systemic circulation.
_______ Atrium and ________ ventricle are apart of pulmonary circulation.
Left; left –> systemic
Right; right –> pulmonary
Systemic circulation
left atrium (oxygenated blood) –> left ventricle –> aorta –> arteries –> arterioles —> peripheral (systemic) capillaries –> (deoxygenated blood) –> veins –> vena cava –> right atrium
Pulmonary circulation
right atrium (deoxy blood) –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> pulmonary arterioles –> pulmonary capillaries for gas exchange (oxygenated blood) –> pulmonary vein –> left atrium
The flow rate through systemic circulation _______ flow rate through pulmonary circulation.
equals
Cardiac valves allow the circulation to be ________.
one-directional
Atrioventricular valves (AV)
Tricuspid valve and Mitral (bicuspid)
Allow blood to flow from atria to ventricles
Semilunar valves
Aortic and pulmonic
Allow blood to leave the ventricles to enter either pulmonary or systemic circulation
What is it called when ventricles contract
Systole
Systole
ejection of blood to arteries when ventricles contract
What is it called when ventricles relax
diastole
Diastole
filling of blood in the ventricles from the atria.
When ventricles relax
During diastole ___ blood is ejected out of heart
no
Basic structure of blood vessels
Vascular lumen- hollow portion, allows blood flow
- Tunica interna (intima)– endothelium and elastic layer
- Tunica media – smooth muscle and connective tissues
- Tunica externa (adventitia)– prevent overstretching
________ regulates the diameter of vascular lumen.
Smooth muscle
Do arteries or veins have more smooth muscle?
artieries
Are veins or arteries narrower in diameter? Which has a larger lumen?
Arteries
Veins have larger lumen
________ do not contain smooth muscle and elastic fibers; ________ do not contain smooth muscle.
Capillaries; venules
Elastic arteries include ______ and _______ artery.
These are the largest in _______ but walls are relatively _______.
They function as _______ _________.
They help propel blood forward during __________.
Aorta and Pulmonary
Largest in diameter, but thin walls
pressure reservoir
Propel blood forward during systole
Muscular arteries include _____ and _____.
Contains more ________ and fewer _______ than elastic arteries.
large and mid-sized arteries
More smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers
Arterioles are affected by ______ stimulation and local chemical mediators.
Vasoconstriction can raise ________.
What cells are adrenergic receptors on?
What paracrine signaling molecule causes vasodilation?
sympathetic stimulation
Vasoconstriction raises blood pressure.
Adrenergic receptors are on smooth muscle cells.
Vasodilation is caused by nitric oxide.
Capillaries connect _______ and _______.
It is the _______ blood vessel that consists of _______ cells and ________ membrane. There are _____ on the endothelium.
They do NOT contain _______.
Capillaries connect arterioles and venules.
Smallest blood vessel.
Consists of endothelial cells and basement membrane.
There are pores on endothelium
DO NOT CONTAIN SMOOTH MUSCLE
Functions of capillaries
1) Gas exchange (O2 and CO2)
2) Fluid exchange (blood plasma <-> intersrtitial fluid)
3) The exchange of nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes etc.
Veins and Venules have _____ walls than arteries, _____ smooth muscle, and _____ lumens.
thinner walls, less smooth muscle, and larger lumens
Key functions of veins and venules is to adjust _____ return of blood to ___ atrium.
Venous blood -> right atrium
Veins contain ______ because of the low blood pressure (~ mmHg).
valves (~6 mmHg)
Skeletal muscle pump includes rhythmic _____- and _______ of skeletal muscles surrounding the veins to ______ blood return to the right atrium.
relations and contractions to increase blood return to right atrium
Starting with the interstitial fluid, trace the path of lymphatic fluid until it rejoins the venous systemic blood supply. What are some primary purposes of the lymphatic system?
Lymphatic capillaries –> lymph ducts –> thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct –> subclavian veins –> vena cava –> right atrium
