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VPHY 3100 > Chapter 13- Heart and Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 13- Heart and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Interruption of blood to brain for 8 seconds

A

unconsciousness

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2
Q

Result of lack of O2 (cardiac arrest) for 6 minutes.

A

Brain death

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3
Q

L and R atria receive ________ blood and pump it into ________.

A

venous; ventricles

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4
Q

______ Artrium and _______ ventricle are apart of systemic circulation.

_______ Atrium and ________ ventricle are apart of pulmonary circulation.

A

Left; left –> systemic

Right; right –> pulmonary

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5
Q

Systemic circulation

A

left atrium (oxygenated blood) –> left ventricle –> aorta –> arteries –> arterioles —> peripheral (systemic) capillaries –> (deoxygenated blood) –> veins –> vena cava –> right atrium

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6
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

right atrium (deoxy blood) –> right ventricle –> pulmonary artery –> pulmonary arterioles –> pulmonary capillaries for gas exchange (oxygenated blood) –> pulmonary vein –> left atrium

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7
Q

The flow rate through systemic circulation _______ flow rate through pulmonary circulation.

A

equals

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8
Q

Cardiac valves allow the circulation to be ________.

A

one-directional

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9
Q

Atrioventricular valves (AV)

A

Tricuspid valve and Mitral (bicuspid)

Allow blood to flow from atria to ventricles

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10
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Aortic and pulmonic

Allow blood to leave the ventricles to enter either pulmonary or systemic circulation

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11
Q

What is it called when ventricles contract

A

Systole

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12
Q

Systole

A

ejection of blood to arteries when ventricles contract

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13
Q

What is it called when ventricles relax

A

diastole

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14
Q

Diastole

A

filling of blood in the ventricles from the atria.

When ventricles relax

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15
Q

During diastole ___ blood is ejected out of heart

A

no

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16
Q

Basic structure of blood vessels

A

Vascular lumen- hollow portion, allows blood flow

  1. Tunica interna (intima)– endothelium and elastic layer
  2. Tunica media – smooth muscle and connective tissues
  3. Tunica externa (adventitia)– prevent overstretching
17
Q

________ regulates the diameter of vascular lumen.

A

Smooth muscle

18
Q

Do arteries or veins have more smooth muscle?

A

artieries

19
Q

Are veins or arteries narrower in diameter? Which has a larger lumen?

A

Arteries

Veins have larger lumen

20
Q

________ do not contain smooth muscle and elastic fibers; ________ do not contain smooth muscle.

A

Capillaries; venules

21
Q

Elastic arteries include ______ and _______ artery.

These are the largest in _______ but walls are relatively _______.

They function as _______ _________.

They help propel blood forward during __________.

A

Aorta and Pulmonary

Largest in diameter, but thin walls

pressure reservoir

Propel blood forward during systole

22
Q

Muscular arteries include _____ and _____.

Contains more ________ and fewer _______ than elastic arteries.

A

large and mid-sized arteries

More smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibers

23
Q

Arterioles are affected by ______ stimulation and local chemical mediators.

Vasoconstriction can raise ________.

What cells are adrenergic receptors on?

What paracrine signaling molecule causes vasodilation?

A

sympathetic stimulation

Vasoconstriction raises blood pressure.

Adrenergic receptors are on smooth muscle cells.

Vasodilation is caused by nitric oxide.

24
Q

Capillaries connect _______ and _______.

It is the _______ blood vessel that consists of _______ cells and ________ membrane. There are _____ on the endothelium.

They do NOT contain _______.

A

Capillaries connect arterioles and venules.

Smallest blood vessel.

Consists of endothelial cells and basement membrane.

There are pores on endothelium

DO NOT CONTAIN SMOOTH MUSCLE

25
Q

Functions of capillaries

A

1) Gas exchange (O2 and CO2)
2) Fluid exchange (blood plasma <-> intersrtitial fluid)
3) The exchange of nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes etc.

26
Q

Veins and Venules have _____ walls than arteries, _____ smooth muscle, and _____ lumens.

A

thinner walls, less smooth muscle, and larger lumens

27
Q

Key functions of veins and venules is to adjust _____ return of blood to ___ atrium.

A

Venous blood -> right atrium

28
Q

Veins contain ______ because of the low blood pressure (~ mmHg).

A

valves (~6 mmHg)

29
Q

Skeletal muscle pump includes rhythmic _____- and _______ of skeletal muscles surrounding the veins to ______ blood return to the right atrium.

A

relations and contractions to increase blood return to right atrium

30
Q

Starting with the interstitial fluid, trace the path of lymphatic fluid until it rejoins the venous systemic blood supply. What are some primary purposes of the lymphatic system?

A

Lymphatic capillaries –> lymph ducts –> thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct –> subclavian veins –> vena cava –> right atrium

VPHY 3100 (10 decks)

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