Chapter 13: Forensic Anthropology Flashcards
You can determine ____, _____, ____, and _____ of a victim from their remains
sex; race; height; physical health
Functions of Bones
- provides posture & movement
- protects our organs
- contains bone marrow where blood cells are made
- stores minerals and lipids
- are alive
Bones originate from living cells called _______
osteoblasts
During fetal development, bones begin as soft ____
cartilage
The osteoblasts move to the center of the cartilage and deposit minerals, called ______, that will harden to bone form. This process is called ______.
calcium phosphate; ossification
The _________ is the protective membrane layer that contains _____ and ______ that cover the surface of the bone. (also keeps bones moist and helps in the repair of injuries)
perisoteum; nerves; blood vessels
______ are cells that form as a result of an ________ that becomes trapped in the construction of a bone. This can happen when a bone is ______. There is an increase of ______ produced, to help heal the break.
Osteocytes; osteoblast; broken; calcium phosphate
_______ contain functions of ______ bone (bc of bones growing, they need to be reshaped, maintain a balance in the body, and remove cellular ____ from the bones
osteoclasts; dissolving; wastes
An adult has _____ bones.
A baby has _____ bones.
206; 300
Bones meet at a _____.
joint
_____ wraps around the end of the bones for _____ & to keep them from scrapping against eachother
cartilage; protection
Ligaments
bands of tissue connecting two or more bones together
_____ connect muscle to bone
tendons
Osteobiology
the story of life told by the bones
Within Osteobiology, you can tell….
- nutriental defencies
- poor teeth
- if right/left handed (bones will be slightly larger on more dominant hand)
- lifting heavy objects (bones will be denser)
- types of sports played (wear & tear of tendons)
Female Skeleton
more smoother; less knobby
Male Skeleton
thicker and rougher
(muscles are also more developed bc of hormones)
Female: Shape of Eye
Rounded
Male: Shape of Eye
Square
Female: Mandible shape from underside
V-shaped (jawbone > 90)
Male: Mandible shape from underside
Square (jawbone = 90)
Female: Upper brow ridge
Thin & smaller
Female: Frontal bone
Higher & more rounded
Male: Upper brow ridge
Thick & larger
Male: Frontal bone
Low & sloping
Female: Surface of the skull
Smooth
Male: Surface of the skull
Rough & bumpy
Female: Chin
Pointed chin
Male: Chin
Square chin
Female: Size
Smaller & lighter
Male: Size
Larger & heavier
Occipital protuberance is only present for _______. (sex)
males
What does it mean if there is scarring on a woman´s pelvis?
She has given birth
African Americans: Shape of eye orbits
rectangular
Asian: Shape of eye orbits
circular
White: Shape of eye orbits
circular w/ squared edges
African A.: Nasal spine/index
wide & flat bridge
Asian: Nasal spine/index
heart shaped & less pronounced
White: Nasal spine/index
narrow and pronounced
African A.: Shape of jaw
large teeth
Asian: Shape of jaw
shovel shaped upper incisors
White: Shape of jaw
small teeth, close together
African A.: Femur
only race where fingers don’t fit under curve
DNA profiling uses DNA from the ______
nucleus
Bone contains ________ (DNA from the _____)
mitochondrial; mother
_______ & _______ often damage bones
weathering; animals
