chapter 13 depressive disorders

Question 1

affect

Answer 1

it is the outward representation of a person’s internal state of being and is an objective finding based on the nurse’s assessment

Question 2

anergia

Answer 2

lack of energy or passivity

Question 3

anhedonia

Answer 3

loss of ability to experience joy or pleasure in living

Question 4

dysthymic disorder (DD)

Answer 4

characterized by a chronic depressive syndrome that is usually present for most of the day, for at elast 2 years. The person has minimal social or occupational impairment

Question 5

hypersomnia

Answer 5

the spending of increased time in sleep, pssibly to escape from painful feelings; however, the increased sleep is not experienced as restful or refreshing

Question 6

light therapy

Answer 6

a first-line treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in which the patient is exposed to 30 to 45 minutes of exposure daily to a 10.000-lux light source

Question 7

major depressive disorder (MDD)

Answer 7

a mood disorder in which the patient presents with a history of one or more major depressive episodes and no history of manic or hypomanic episodes

Question 8

mood disorder

Answer 8

characterized by disturbances of mood, it interferes with normal functioning. Delusional or psychotic major depression is a severe form of mood disorder characterized by delusions or hallucinations: “God put snakes in my stomach and told me not to eat”

Question 9

psychomotor agitation

Answer 9

constant involvement in some tension-relieving activity, such as constantly pacing, biting one’s nails, smoking or tapping one’s fingers on a tabletop

Question 10

psychomotor retardation

Answer 10

extreme slowness of and difficulty in movements that in the extreme can entail complete inactivity and incontinence

Question 11

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs

• Celexa
• lexapro
• prozac
• luvox
• paxil
• zoloft

Answer 11

first-line antidepressants that block the reuptake of serotonin, permitting serotonin to act for an extended period at the synaptic binding sites in the brain

Question 12

transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS

Answer 12

a noninvasive treatment modality that uses MRI-strength magnetic pulses to stimulate focal areas of the crebral cortex

Question 13

tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 13

drugs that inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by the presynaptic neurons in the CNS, increasing the amount of time norepinephrine and serotonin are available to the postsynaptic receptors.

anticholinergic effects :dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention, esophageal reflux

contraindicated in people taking MAOIs(nardil,parnate)

• elavil
• anafranil

Question 14

vagus nerve stimulation

Answer 14

originally used as a treatment for epileps, a pacemaker device is implanted into the left chest wall from which a thin, flexible wire is threaded up and wrapped around the vagus nerve on the left side of the neck. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve is thought to boost the level of neurotransmitters, improving mood and the action of antidepressants

Question 15

vegetative signs of depression

Answer 15

significant changes from normal functioning in those activities necessary to support physical life and growth, such as eating, sleeping, elimination, and sex, during a depressive episode