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Cosmetology > Chapter 13: Basics Of Electricity > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Basics Of Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor?

A

Electricity

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2
Q

Electricity is a form of energy that, when in motion exhibits ( ) effects

A

chemical

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3
Q

What is an example of a good conductor?

A

Copper

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4
Q

A nonconductor is also known as…?

A

An insulator

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5
Q

Rubber, silk, wood, glass, and cement are good…?

A

insulators

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6
Q

A ( ) is the path of negative and positive currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source

A

Compete electric circuit

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7
Q

What are the two types of electric currents?

A

direct & alternating

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8
Q

A ( ) is produced by chemical means

A

direct current

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9
Q

What is a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction then in the opposite direction?

A

Alternating current

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10
Q

What is the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor?

A

A volt

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11
Q

Normal wall sockets that power hair tools are ( ) volts.

A

120

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12
Q

What is the unit that measures the strength of an electric current?

A

An ampere (amp)

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13
Q

The current used for facial and scalp treatment is measured in

A

milliamperes

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14
Q

What is the unit that measures the resistance of an electric current?

A

An Ohm

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15
Q

A ( ) is a unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second.

A

Watt

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16
Q

A ( ) prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.

A

fuse

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17
Q

Which is the most protective plug?

A

three-prong plug

18
Q

All electrical appliances you use should be ( ) certified

A

UL (underwriters laboratories)

19
Q

The use of electrical currents to treat the skin is commonly referred to as…?

A

Electrotherapy

20
Q

Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments are called…?

A

modalities

21
Q

What is an applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the clients skin?

A

An electrode

22
Q

What is the negative or positive pole of an electric current?

A

Polarity

23
Q

The positive electrode is called…?

A

An anode

24
Q

What is the process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current?

A

Iontophoresis

25
Q

Cataphoresis infuses and acidic product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the…?

A

positive pole toward the negative pole

26
Q

What is a form of anaphoresis uses to treat acne, milia, and comedones?

A

Desincrustation

27
Q

What is an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body’s natural electrical impulses?

A

microcurrent

28
Q

What is also know as violet ray?

A

Tesla high-frequency current

29
Q

( ) should not be used on clients who are pregnant, have epilepsy, asthma, high blood pressure, pacemaker, or metal implants!

A

Tesla high-frequency current

30
Q

Each type of energy has it’s own…?

A

wavelength

31
Q

What is the distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves?

A

wavelength

32
Q

Which invisible light has a short wavelength and is less penetrating than visible light?

A

ultraviolet light

33
Q

UV light prompts the skin to produce ( ), a fat-soluble vitamin that is good for bone growth and health.

A

vitamin D

34
Q

it is estimated that 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer and that 90% of those cancers will be the result of exposure to…?

A

UV radiation

35
Q

Ultraviolet ( ) light is blocked by the ozone layer

A

C

36
Q

What has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light?

A

Infrared light

37
Q

What are substances that speed up chemical reactions?

A

Catalysts

38
Q

What is also known as phototherapy?

A

Light therapy

39
Q

All lasers work by selective ( ), a process that turns light from the laser device into heat.

A

photothermolysis

40
Q

What is a color component within the skin such as blood or melanin?

A

Chromophore

41
Q

What light increases circulation and improves the collagen and elastin production in the skin?

A

red light

Cosmetology (8 decks)

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