Chapter 13: Basics Of Electricity Flashcards
What is the movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor?
Electricity
Electricity is a form of energy that, when in motion exhibits ( ) effects
chemical
What is an example of a good conductor?
Copper
A nonconductor is also known as…?
An insulator
Rubber, silk, wood, glass, and cement are good…?
insulators
A ( ) is the path of negative and positive currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source
Compete electric circuit
What are the two types of electric currents?
direct & alternating
A ( ) is produced by chemical means
direct current
What is a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction then in the opposite direction?
Alternating current
What is the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor?
A volt
Normal wall sockets that power hair tools are ( ) volts.
120
What is the unit that measures the strength of an electric current?
An ampere (amp)
The current used for facial and scalp treatment is measured in
milliamperes
What is the unit that measures the resistance of an electric current?
An Ohm
A ( ) is a unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second.
Watt
A ( ) prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.
fuse
Which is the most protective plug?
three-prong plug
All electrical appliances you use should be ( ) certified
UL (underwriters laboratories)
The use of electrical currents to treat the skin is commonly referred to as…?
Electrotherapy
Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments are called…?
modalities
What is an applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the clients skin?
An electrode
What is the negative or positive pole of an electric current?
Polarity
The positive electrode is called…?
An anode
What is the process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current?
Iontophoresis
Cataphoresis infuses and acidic product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the…?
positive pole toward the negative pole
What is a form of anaphoresis uses to treat acne, milia, and comedones?
Desincrustation
What is an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body’s natural electrical impulses?
microcurrent
What is also know as violet ray?
Tesla high-frequency current
( ) should not be used on clients who are pregnant, have epilepsy, asthma, high blood pressure, pacemaker, or metal implants!
Tesla high-frequency current
Each type of energy has it’s own…?
wavelength
What is the distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves?
wavelength
Which invisible light has a short wavelength and is less penetrating than visible light?
ultraviolet light
UV light prompts the skin to produce ( ), a fat-soluble vitamin that is good for bone growth and health.
vitamin D
it is estimated that 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer and that 90% of those cancers will be the result of exposure to…?
UV radiation
Ultraviolet ( ) light is blocked by the ozone layer
C
What has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light?
Infrared light
What are substances that speed up chemical reactions?
Catalysts
What is also known as phototherapy?
Light therapy
All lasers work by selective ( ), a process that turns light from the laser device into heat.
photothermolysis
What is a color component within the skin such as blood or melanin?
Chromophore
What light increases circulation and improves the collagen and elastin production in the skin?
red light
