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Cosmetology > Chapter 12: Basics Of Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Basics Of Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

The science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of organic matter

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

The study of substances that contain the element carbon

A

Organic Chemistry

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3
Q

All hair color products, chemical texturizers, shampoos, conditioners, styling aids, nail enhancements, and skin care products are…?

A

Organic Chemicals

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4
Q

Organic contains both ( ) and ( ) from either natural or synthetic sources.

A

carbon; hydrogen

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5
Q

The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain hydrogen

A

Inorganic Chemistry

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6
Q

( ) is any substance that occupies space and has mass

A

Matter

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7
Q

An ( ) is the simplest form of chemical matter

A

Element

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8
Q

What cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity?

A

An element

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9
Q

How many elements occur naturally?

A

98

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10
Q

Each ( ) has their own distinct physical and chemical properties

A

Element

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11
Q

What is the basic unit of matter with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons that move around the nucleus in orbits

A

Atom

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12
Q

A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite proportions is…?

A

A molecule

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13
Q

( ) are a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite proportions.

A

Compound molecules

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14
Q

What is an example of a compound molecule?

A

Sodium Chloride (NaCl) or table salt

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15
Q

When one chemical changes it’s state of matter, the change is called….?

A

A physical change

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16
Q

What has definite volume but takes the shape of its container?

A

A liquid

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17
Q

( ) are characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance.

A

Chemical properties

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18
Q

An example of a chemical property is…?

A

The ability of iron to rust

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19
Q

What is a change in the form or physical properties of a substance, without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance?

A

A Physical change

20
Q

An example of a chemical change is…?

A

The oxidation of haircolor

21
Q

What type of chemical reaction results in the oxidizing agent being reduced and the reducing agent being oxidized?

A

Redox

22
Q

Chemical reactions can release a significant amount of heat, these reactions are called…?

A

Exothermic reactions

23
Q

( ) is the rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

A

Combustion

24
Q

What is a chemical combination of matter in definite proportions?

A

A pure substance

25
Q

( ) is a great example of a physical mixture.

A

Air

26
Q

( ) contains many substances including nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor

A

Air

27
Q

What is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent?

A

A solution

28
Q

The ( ) is the substance that is dissolved into solution.

A

Solute

29
Q

What dissolves the solute and makes the solution?

A

The solvent

30
Q

All ( ) are either miscible or immiscible

A

Liquids

31
Q

( ) are mutually soluble, meaning they can be mixed together to form clear solutions.

A

Miscible Liquids

32
Q

Water and alcohol ( nail polish remover) are examples of what?

A

Miscible Liquids

33
Q

What is an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier?

A

An emulsion

34
Q

( ) are substances that allow oil and water to mix or emulsify; one type of emulsifier.

A

Surfactants

35
Q

The head of the surfactant molecule is…?

A

Hydrophilic

36
Q

The tail of the surfactant molecule is…?

A

Lipophilic

37
Q

What is an example of a water-in-oil emulsion?

A

Cold creams

38
Q

What are alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products?

A

Alkanolamines

39
Q

What is an example of an ammonia compound uses to perform a chemical service in the salon?

A

Ammonium Thioglycolate

40
Q

A sweet colorless oily substance used as a solvent and a moisturizer in skin and body creams is known as…?

A

Glycerin

41
Q

What is a common volatile organic compound used in hair spray?

A

SD alcohol (ethyl alcohol)

42
Q

What is an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge?

A

Ion

43
Q

What is the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions?

A

Ionization

44
Q

An ion with a positive charge is known as a…?

A

Cation

45
Q

A negatively charged ion is called an…?

A

Anion

46
Q

A pH of seven means the solution is…?

A

neutral

Cosmetology (8 decks)

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