Chapter 13 Animal behavior

Question 1

Instict

Answer 1

Behavior that is innate or inherited

Question 2

Fixed action patterns (FAP)

Answer 2

innate behaviors that follow a regular, unvarying pattern. Behavior is carried out to completion even if the original intent can no longer be fufilled

Question 3

Imprinting

Answer 3

an innate program for acquiring specific behavior only if an appropriate stimulus is experienced during a critical period. Once acquired, the behavior is irreversible

Question 4

Associative learning

Answer 4

happens when animal learns that 2 or more events are connected.

ex. classical conditioning. remember dog and bell salivate

Question 5

Trial and error learning (operant conditioning)

Answer 5

form of associative learning.

occurs when animal connects its own behavior with a particular environmental response.

If response is desirable animal will repeat the behavior
If response is undesirable animal will avoid behavior

Question 6

Spatial learning

Answer 6

when animals connects location (landmarks) with the reward it gains by being able to identify and return to that location

Question 7

Habituation

Answer 7

a learned behavior that allows the animal to disregard meaningless stimuli

Question 8

Observational learning

Answer 8

when animals copy the behavior of another animal without having experienced any prior positive reinforcement with the behavior

Question 9

Insight

Answer 9

when an animal is exposed to a new situation and without any prior relevant experience, performs a behavior that generates a desirable outcome

Question 10

Kinesis

Answer 10

and undirected change in speed on an animal’s movement in response to a stimulus. Animal slows down in a favorable environment or speeds up in an unfavorable environment

Animal remains longer in favorable environments

Question 11

Taxis

Answer 11

DIRECTED movement in response to a stimulus. Movement is directed toward or away from the stimulus

Question 12

Phototaxis

Answer 12

Movement toward light

Question 13

Migration

Answer 13

Long-distance, seasonal movements of animals

Question 14

Mechanisms of communication in animals

Answer 14

Chemical, visual, auditory, tactile

Question 15

Agonistic behavior

Answer 15

aggression and submission that originates from competition for food, mates, or territory

Question 16

Dominance hierarchies

Answer 16

indicate power and status relationships b/w individuals in a group

Question 17

Pecking order

Answer 17

more or less linear order of status often used to describe dominance herarchies in chicken

Question 18

Terriroriality

Answer 18

active possession and defense of the territory in which an animal or group of animals lives.

territories insure their owners adequate food and a place to mate and rear their young

Question 19

Altruistic behavior

Answer 19

seemingly unselfish behavior that appears to reduce the fitness of the individual. Occurs when animal risks its safety in defense of another

Question 20

Inclusive fitness

Answer 20

fitness of the individual plus the fitness of relatives (who share identical genes with the altruist)

Question 21

Kin selection

Answer 21

a form of natural selelction that increases inclusive fitness

Question 22

Haplodiploid reproductive system

Answer 22

queens and females are diploid, while male bees are haploid