Chapter 13 and 14 Flashcards
Hershey and Chase
Produced bacteriophages (DNA and proteins) in radioactive phosphate (made all DNA radioactive because of the phosphates in nucleotides) and made the pellets radioactive. The produced another in sulfur and it made the protein radioactive in liquid. DNA got into the cell so it is the molecule of genetics
Watson and Crick
2 strands (from Franklin) Chargaff found A goes to T and C goes to G, figured out strands go opposite
Meselson- Stark
strands match up and found that DNA is semi-conservative
What does DNA polymerase read
3’ to 5’
telomeres
extra sections on DNA for DNase to consume in cytoplasm so that it won’t lose mass in mitosis
telomerase
binds to end on DNA and extends sequence by bringing it own template of RNA embedded in iT
Central Dogma of life
DNA to RNA (transcription), RNA to polypeptide (Translation)
DNA replication
- helices
- protein SSBP
- gyrase
- Primse
- DNA Pol 3
- DNA Pol. 1
- ligase
Helices
separates DNA strand at replication fork, DNA starts to supercoil and break
protein SSBP
bind to separated template strands to prevent them from coming back together
gyrase
does a single stranded nick (removes upstream supercoiling)
primase
creates short RNA primer that DNA polymerase can extend
DNA Pol. 3
-semiconservative rep.
-starts extending new strand toward replication fork (leading strand)
-opposite strand has to start at replication fork and it happens in sections (lagging strands)
Okazaki fragments
lagging strand- not connected, more primate, it has RNA primers but it need DNA- DNA Pol. 1
DNA Pol. 1
-exonucleus DNA- cuts out RNA primer and adds DNA
-repair, semi use in 3
