Chapter 13. An Introduction to AS Level Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Are you familiar with the terms hydrocarbon, saturated, functional group and homologous series

Answer 1

-a compound made of only hydrogen and carbon only
-All single bonds on a carbon atom
-The reactive part of a compound belonging to a homologous series
-A chemical family of organic compounds with the same functional group but different carbon chain lengths

Question 2

Are you familiar with these functional groups?

Answer 2

-Alkene
-halogen
-hydroxy
-carbonyl
-carboxyl
-ester
-amine
-nitrile

Question 3

Are you familiar with all the different types of molecular?

Answer 3

-molecular - showing all number of atoms(C₂H₆)
-empirical - showing the simplest ratio of atoms(CH₃)
-displayed - showing all bonds and atoms
H H
| |
H-C-C-H
| |
H H
-structural - showing the arrangement of the atoms without the bonds(CH₃CH₃)
-skeletal formula (/)

Question 4

Properties of a homologous series

Answer 4

-Members have a general formula
-Each member of the series differs from the next by a CH₂
-Trends of physical properties(melting and boiling point increase with carbon chain because intermolecular forces increase) but very little effect of the carbon chain length on the reactivity of the functional group
-Chain branching generally reduces melting point because the molecules pack together less easily.

Question 5

IUPAC

Answer 5

International union of pure and applied chemistry
- dash separates numbers from words
-commas separate numbers

Question 6

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 6

The breaking of two atoms of the same element covalently bonded, creating free radicals which have an unpaired electron each.(highly reactive). This is brought about by UV light