chapter 13

Question 1

domain-specific-knowledge

Answer 1

knowledge about a subject

Question 2

four-card selection problem

Answer 2

reasoning task that requires deciding which four cards should be turned over

Question 3

memory-retrieval explanation

Answer 3

the theory that people solve reasoning problems about realistic scenarios by using examples from memory

Question 4

pragmatic reasoning schemata

Answer 4

organized knowledge structures used to evaluate practical situations

Question 5

permission schema

Answer 5

the knowledge that taking an action requires a prerequisite

Question 6

obligation schema

Answer 6

the knowledge that taking an action is required if a prerequisite is fulfilled

Question 7

declarative knowledge

Answer 7

knowledge about facts

Question 8

procedural knowledge

Answer 8

knowledge relating to goals or actions

Question 9

production rule

Answer 9

conditional rule that specifies the prerequisite for carrying out an action

Question 10

conditional reasoning task

Answer 10

task in which there is a conditioned rule

Question 11

reasoning strategies

Answer 11

logical rules

associations

Question 12

experts

Answer 12

working forward strategy

Question 13

novices

Answer 13

general search strategy

Question 14

creativity involves

Answer 14

spontaneous thinking

highly structured thinking