chapter 12 Flashcards
arrangement problem
must change the arrangement to solve the problem
functional fixedness
tendency to use an object in a typical way
inducing structure problem
requires finding a problem in order to solve the problem
series extrapolation
finding a pattern among a sequence of items
analogy problem
requires finding the correlation between A to B as C is to D
transformation problem
a Rubix cube
means-end analysis
eliminating differences between initial and goal states
search space
set of choices at each step as determined by the problem
problem space
set of choices evaluated at each step as determined by the problem solver
operator
action that is selected to solve problems
table of connections
the table that links differences between problem states with operators
problem isomorphs
problems that have different story contents but identical solutions
analogical transfer
use of the same solution in solving two problems
representational transfer
use of the same format in solving two problems
types of problems
arrangement
inducing structure
transformation
how to solve arrangement problems
generate solutions
discard unpromising ideas
use of solutions from memory
obstacles to solving arrangement problems
functional fixedness
self-imposed constraints
skills required to solve the inducing structure problems
identify relations
put relations in pattern
skills to solve transformation problems
planning based on means-end analysis
