Chapter 13

Question 1

chemical kinetics

Answer 1

study of reaction rates during a chemical reaction

Question 2

reaction rates

Answer 2

how rapidly a reaction occurs

Question 3

what affects reaction rate

Answer 3

physical state of reactants, concentration of reactants, temperature, presence of a catalyst

Question 4

what happens to the reactants concentration as the products concentration increases?

Answer 4

the reactants concentration decreases

Question 5

average rate

Answer 5

change in concentration of reactant or product over a specific time interval

Question 6

what do you do to find the rate at one moment?

Answer 6

use tangent curve

Question 7

what do reaction rates depend on?

Answer 7

concentration

Question 8

what happens to the reaction rate as the concentration decreases?

Answer 8

the reaction rate decreases

Question 9

reaction order

Answer 9

experimentally determined number defining the dependence of the reaction rate on the concentration of a reactant

Question 10

rate law

Answer 10

equation that defines the relationship between reactant concentrations and the rate of the reaction

Question 11

instantaneous rate

Answer 11

rate of a reaction at a particular time after its begun

Question 12

when do the most rapid changes in concentration happen?

Answer 12

early in the reaction

Question 13

overall reaction order

Answer 13

sum of the exponents of the concentration terms in the rate law

Question 14

does the rate constant depend of the concentration of the reactants?

Answer 14

nope

Question 15

what affects rate constants?

Answer 15

temperature and the presence of a catalyst

Question 16

integrated rate law

Answer 16

change in concentration of a reactant with time

Question 17

half-life

Answer 17

time interval during which the concentration of a reactant decreases by half in the course of a chemical reaction

Question 18

how does a higher reaction rate affect the half-life?

Answer 18

means a shorter half-life

Question 19

how do you express rate of change?

Answer 19

as a positive value

Question 20

Pseudo-first-order

Answer 20

all reactants but one are present at such high concentrations that they don’t decrease significantly during the reaction

Question 21

what controls the reaction rate in a pseudo-first-order reaction?

Answer 21

concentration of the limiting reactant

Question 22

Zero-order

Answer 22

rate of reaction is independent of concentration

Question 23

activation energy

Answer 23

minimum energy molecules needed to react when they collide

Question 24

activated complex

Answer 24

short-lived species formed in a chemical reaction

Question 25

transition state

Answer 25

high-energy state between reactants and products in a chemical reaction