Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psychology

A

Study of how people influence others’ behaviour, beliefs and attitudes

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2
Q

Social Comparison Theory

A

Theory that we seek to evaluate our abilities and beliefs by comparing them with those of others

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3
Q

Mass Hysteria

A

Outbreak of irrational behaviour that is spread by social contagion

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4
Q

Attribution

A

Process of assigning causes to behaviour

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5
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on other people’s behaviour

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6
Q

Conformity

A

Tendency of people to alter their behaviour as a result of group pressure

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7
Q

Deindividuation

A

Tendency of people to engage in uncharacteristic behaviour when they are stripped of their usual identities

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8
Q

Groupthink

A

Emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking

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9
Q

Group Polarization

A

Tendency of group discussion to strengthen the dominant positions held by individual group members

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10
Q

Cult

A

Group of individuals who exhibit intense and unquestioning devotion to a single cause

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11
Q

Inoculation Effect

A

Approach to convincing people to charge their minds about something by first introducing reasons why the perspective might be correct and then debunking them

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12
Q

Obedience

A

Adherence to instructions from those of higher authority

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13
Q

Pluralistic Ignorance

A

Error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do

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14
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

Reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others

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15
Q

Social loafing

A

Phenomenon whereby individuals become less productive in groups

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16
Q

Altruism

A

Helping others for unselfish reasons

17
Q

Enlightenment Effect

A

learning about psychological research can change real-world behaviour for the better

18
Q

Aggression

A

Behaviour intended to harm others, either verbally or physically

19
Q

Relational Aggression

A

Form of indirect aggression, prevalent in girls, involving spreading rulers, gossiping, and nonverbal put downs for he purpose of social manipulation

20
Q

Attitude

A

Belief that includes an emotional component

21
Q

Self-Monitoring

A

Personality trait that assesses the extent to which people’s behaviour reflects their true feelings and attitudes

22
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs

23
Q

Self-Perception Theory

A

Theory that we acquire our attitudes by observing our behaviours

24
Q

Impression Management Theory

A

Theory that we don’t really change our attitudes, but report that we have so that our behaviours appear consistent with our attitudes

25
Q

Foot In the door technique

A

Persuasive techniques involving making a small request before making a bigger one

26
Q

Door in the face Technique

A

Persuasive technique involving making an unreasonably large request before making the small request we’re hoping to have granted

27
Q

Lowball Technique

A

Persuasive technique in which the seller of a product starts by quoting a low sales price, and then mentions all of the “add-on” costs once the customer has agreed to purchase the product

28
Q

Prejudice

A

Drawing negative conclusions about a person, group of people, or intuition prior to evaluating the evidence

29
Q

Stereotype

A

A belief, positive or negative, about the characteristics of members of a group that is applied generally to most members of the group

30
Q

Ultimate Attribution Error

A

Assumption that behaviours among individual members of a group are due to their internal dispositions

31
Q

Adaptive Conservatism

A

Evolutionary principle that creates a predisposition toward distrusting anything or anyone unfamiliar or different

32
Q

In-Group Bias

A

Tendency to favour individuals within our group over those from outside our group

33
Q

Out-Group Homogeneity

A

Tendency to view all individuals outside our group as highly similar

34
Q

Discrimination

A

Negative behaviour toward members of out-group

35
Q

Scapegoat Hypothesis

A

Claim that prejudice arises from a need to blame other groups for our misfortunes

36
Q

Just - World Hypothesis

A

Claim that our attributions and behaviours are shaped by a deep-seated assumptions that the world is fair and all things happen for a reason

37
Q

Explicit Prejudice

A

Unfounded negative belief of which we’re aware regarding the characteristics of an out group

38
Q

Implicit Prejudice

A

Unfound negative belief of which we’re unaware regarding the characteristics of an out-group

39
Q

Jigsaw Classroom

A

Educational Approach designed to minimize prejudice by requiring all children to make independent contributions to a shared project