Chapter 1.3 Flashcards
What are deductive arguments?
those that rest on necessary reasoning.
an argument incorporating the claim that it is impossible for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true
These are typically arguments that proceed from the “general” to the “particular”
What is a inductive argument?
are those that rest on probabilistic reasoning.
is an argument incorporating the claim that it is improbable that the conclusion is false given that the premises are true.
These are typically arguments that proceed from the “particular” to the “general”
What is a Categorical Syllogism? What does it contain?
a statement in which there are two premise and one conclusion . also formed with all, no or some.
this should be treated as a deductive argument.
What is a Hypothetical syllogisim?
a conditional statement (if then) for both premises.
these can be broken up into pure or mixed categories.
What is a disjunctive syllogisim?
A syllogisim having a disjunctive (either…or)
What are the forms of a deductive arguments?
Mathematical Argument argument from definition categorical syllogism Hypothetical syllogism Disjunctive syllogism
What are the forms of inductive arguments?
prediction argument from analgoy generalization argument from authority argument based on signs Casual reference
What is an inductive prediction?
is an argument that proceeds from our knowledge of the past to make a claim about the future.
What is an argument form analogy?
Is an argument that depends o the existence of an analogy, or similarity between two things or state of affairs.
What is an argument from a generalization?
an argument that proceeds from the knowledge of a selected sample to some claim about the whole group.
What is an argument from authority?
is an argument that concludes something to be true because a presumed expert witness has said that it is.
What is an argument based on signs?
it is an argument that proceeds from the knowledge of a sign to a claim about the thing or situation that the sign symbolizes.
What is an argument based on casual reference?
A casual reference argument is one that proceeds from knowledge of a cause to a claim about an effect, or, conversely, from knowledge of an effect to a claim about a cause. (effect to cause) (cause to effect)
