Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHS 103 > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

The elastic rebound theory for the origin of earthquakes was first proposed by __________ following the __________ earthquake.

Richter; 1989, Loma Prieta

Mohorovicic; 1964, Anchorage

Giuseppe; 1925, Pizza Lake

Reid; 1906, San Francisco

A

Reid; 1906, San Francisco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most earthquakes are produced by:

the federal government

release of elastic energy

atomic explosions

ground water movement

the governor of California jumping up and down

A

release of elastic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which one of the following statements concerning foci and epicenters is correct?

The epicenter is at the surface directly above the focus where the earthquake initiates.

The earthquake starts at the focus and the rupture extends down to the epicenter.

The fault first cracks at the epicenter and breaks through to the surface at the focus.

The focus is the faulted point on the surface directly above the epicenter.

A

The epicenter is at the surface directly above the focus where the earthquake initiates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which one of the following statements is correct?

P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids.

P waves travel through solids; S waves do not.

P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.

S waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids.

A

S waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

________ have the highest velocities.

Refracted S waves

Secondary waves

Primary waves

Surface waves

A

Primary waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The ________ is a direct measure of the distance from a seismic receiving station to the focus of a distant earthquake.

time elapsed between the first P-wave arrivals from the first and last aftershocks

magnitude of the ground acceleration of surface wave passing a receiving station

time interval between the first P-wave and the last surface wave

time interval between the first P and S- wave arrivals

A

time interval between the first P and S- wave arrivals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which one of the following is true regarding tsunamis?

They travel as deep-water waves at speeds greater than surface seismic waves but slower than S waves.

They occur in the open ocean, wavelengths are many miles or kilometers and wave heights are only a few feet.

They are started by fault-induced, horizontal shifts in the seafloor that suddenly propel great masses of water in opposite directions.

Their wave heights decrease and wavelengths increase as they move into shallower water.

A

They occur in the open ocean, wavelengths are many miles or kilometers and wave heights are only a few feet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes.

P waves

S waves

body waves

surface waves

A

surface waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following foundation materials is most stable during earthquake shaking?

sand and mud

bedrock

water-saturate

unconsolidated moist soil

A

bedrock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The ________ magnitude scale is a measure of the energy released. It does not directly measure the extent of building damage.

Gutenberg

Reid

Richter

Mercalli

A

Richter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why was the Marina District, San Francisco, heavily damaged in the 1906 and 1989 quakes?

The area is built on consolidated rock, causing the shaking to be amplified.

The epicenters of both quakes were right under the district.

Shaking was no more extensive than elsewhere in the city, but the whole district burned following each quake.

Liquefaction and foundation failures were common.

A

Liquefaction and foundation failures were common.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

________ is the maximum possible damage designation on the Mercalli scale.

X

XII

10

12

A

XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How was the Turnagain Heights area of Anchorage, Alaska, damaged during the 1964 earthquake?

It burned in a fire set off by broken gas lines.

A weak, subsurface, clay layer failed, resulting in numerous landslides.

It was hit by a large tsunami and then buried by a rock avalanche.

all of the above

A

A weak, subsurface, clay layer failed, resulting in numerous landslides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The ________ is the point of origination for an earthquake.

fault point

focus

epizone

seismic centroid

A

focus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Approximately how much more energy is released in a 6.5 Richter magnitude earthquake than in one with magnitude 5.5?

3000 times

30 times

3 times

300 times

A

30 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

P waves ________.

have higher amplitudes than do S waves

produce the strongest ground shaking

propagate only in solids

are faster than S waves and surface waves

A

are faster than S waves and surface waves

17
Q

The Mercalli Scale is a scale from ________.

I to X that rates the total energy released during the main quake and all aftershocks

I to XII that rates the structural damage due to an earthquake

1 to 10 that rates the energy released by an earthquake

1 to 12 that rates the energy required for faulting to occur

A

I to XII that rates the structural damage due to an earthquake

18
Q

What are the smaller magnitude quakes that follow a major earthquake?

epishocks

aftershocks

hyposhocks

exoshocks

A

aftershocks

19
Q

The ________ is used to record ground shaking and the earthquake-magnitude scale was invented by ________.

polygraph; Freud

seismograph; Richter

rayoscope; Mercalli

vibroscope; Rector

A

seismograph; Richter

20
Q

The epicenter of an earthquake is the ________.

surface location directly above the point where the fault slip initiates

point where the fault cracking initiates

point of most intense, structural damage associated with ground shaking

point where the minimum ground shaking is recorded

A

surface location directly above the point where the fault slip initiates

21
Q

The ________ earthquake was accompanied by major damage from tsunamis and ground failures.

Anchorage, AK, 1964

Loma Prieta, CA, 1989

Northridge, CA, 1994

San Francisco, CA, 1906

A

Anchorage, AK, 1964

22
Q

________ was struck by three, major earthquakes during the winter and spring months of the years 1811-1812.

Los Angeles, California

New Madrid, Missouri

Nome, Alaska

Charleston, South Carolina

A

New Madrid, Missouri

23
Q

Which one of the following best characterizes tsunamis?

They cause the land to ripple and oscillate.

They are easily seen at sea but are lost in the swell and breaking waves along a coast.

They are faster than seismic surface waves.

They have relatively small amplitudes compared to their very long wavelengths.

A

They have relatively small amplitudes compared to their very long wavelengths.

24
Q

The ________ earthquake was accompanied by extensive fire damage.

San Francisco, 1906

Mexico City, 1985

Anchorage, 1964

Yerevan, Armenia, 1988

A

San Francisco, 1906

25
Q

________ refers to the tendency for a foundation material to lose its internal cohesion and fail mechanically during earthquake shaking.

Slurrying

Seismoflowage

Motion slip

Liquefaction

A

Liquefaction

26
Q

The ________ is directly related to the Richter earthquake-magnitude rating.

time interval between the first P-wave arrival and the first P wave reflected from the crust-mantle discontinuity

distance between the receiving station and the epicenter

amplitude of the seismic waves

average of the highest and lowest Mercalli intensity ratings

A

amplitude of the seismic waves

27
Q

Which one of the following regarding the San Andreas Fault in California is true?

a sliver of land west of the fault is sinking under the North American plate

a sliver of continent west of the fault is moving northward with the Pacific plate

the North American plate is slowly moving northward with respect to the continental fragment west of the fault

continental crust east of the fault is moving east with the North American plate

A

a sliver of continent west of the fault is moving northward with the Pacific plate

28
Q

The time between the first P-wave and S-wave arrivals is a measure of the distance from a receiving station to the epicenter of the earthquake.
True or False

A

True

29
Q

Because their energy dissipates rapidly in deep ocean waters, tsunamis seldom pose any danger to coastal areas far away from the causative earthquake.
True or False

A

False

30
Q

Tsunamis are caused by sudden displacement of large volumes of seawater.
True or False

A

True

31
Q

On earthquake distribution maps, the boundaries of the Earth’s tectonic plates are shown as zones of high seismic activity.
True or False

A

True

32
Q

Unconsolidated, water-saturated soils or sediments provide good foundation materials for buildings and other structures.
True or False

A

False

33
Q 
Which of these family activities is super important?
A) Game Night
B) Movie Night
C) Nightly Book Reading
D) Sabbats
E) Family Dinners
F) Family Hikes, Outdoor Play, & Trips
G) All Of Them
A

All Of Them! That was a pretty easy one huh?…hmmm

34
Q

What spot on my body do I HATE to have touched?

A

Ears!

35
Q

What spot on my body do I LOVE to have touched?

A

Back

PHS 103 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions