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PHS 103 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q 
After ice sheets and glaciers, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ contain(s) the next highest percentage of the Earth's freshwater.
A) the atmosphere
B) rocks & minerals
C) groundwater
D) lakes and rivers
A

Groundwater

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2
Q

Most groundwater occurs in the subsurface:
A) as hot geysers
B) occupying small openings or pore spaces
C) as large underground lakes
D) as large underground rivers

A

Occupying small openings or pore spaces

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3
Q 
Which of the following are not related to the distribution of groundwater?
A) Darcy zone
B) soil moisture zone
C) capillary fringe
D) saturated zone
A

Darcy zone

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4
Q 
Which of the following are characteristics of the water table?
A) shape reflects surface topography
B) depth is variable over time
C) upper surface of saturation		
D) all the above
A

All of the above

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5
Q

When the elevation of the water table is above the bed of a stream:
A) no groundwater flow occurs
B) groundwater flows to the streambed and it is a gaining stream
C) groundwater flows to the streambed and it is a losing stream
D) groundwater flows out of the streambed and it is a gaining stream

A

groundwater flows to the streambed and it is a gaining stream

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6
Q 
abnormally dry conditions that cause reduced streamflow and low groundwater and lake levels is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ drought.	
A) hydrological
B) meteorological
C) California
D) agricultural
A

hydrological

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7
Q 
A good example of an aquitard with low permeability, but high porosity is:
A) gravel
B) sand
C) granite
D) clay
A

clay

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8
Q 
The source of spring water is:
A) seepage into the continental crust by ocean water
B) the crystallization of magma bodies
C) the zone of saturation
D) Perrier Corp.
A

the zone of saturation

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9
Q 
When hot groundwater circulates through limestone before coming to the surface as a hot spring it will precipitate:
A) geyserite
B) siliceous sinter
C) travertine
D) all the above
A

travertine

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10
Q

What may occurr when wells are heavily pumped?
A) artesian flow increases
B) a lowering of the water table
C) the zone of saturation to increase in elevation
D) nothing really, grounwater is in almost unlimited supply

A

a lowering of the water table

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11
Q

The Current River in SE Missouri has a tributary called “Sinking Creek”. What is probably the origin if this name?
A) it is fed by a hot spring and was originally called “Stinking Creek”
B) it flows into a sinkhole
C) canoes often capsize at this location
D) quicksand is found on the banks

A

it flows into a sinkhole

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12
Q 
Judging from the rapid draining of Lake Chesterfield near St. Louis, Missouri, the surrounding area could be described as:
A) speleothemic
B) effluent
C) unlucky
D) karst
A

karst

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13
Q 
Which common, rock-forming mineral or mineral group is most readily dissolved by groundwater?
A) feldspars
B) clay minerals
C) quartz
D) calcite
A

calcite

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14
Q

Which of the following is not a general characteristic of groundwater?
A) source of spring water
B) supplies streams with water during short droughts
C) source of water for hot springs
D) rarely dissolves the mineral calcite

A

rarely dissolves the mineral calcite

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15
Q

The water table is ________.
A) a boundary between unsaturated bedrock and an underground river
B) an underground mass of partly saturated rock
C) a boundary between unsaturated bedrock below and saturated bedrock above
D) a boundary between saturated rock below and unsaturated rock above

A

a boundary between saturated rock below and unsaturated rock above

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16
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ controls the ease (or difficulty) of groundwater transmission through a porous material.
A) Permeability
B) Potability
C) Permeosity
D) Portability
A

Permeability

17
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are characteristics found in all good aquifers.
A) High potability and high portability
B) High porosity and high permeability
C) Low porosity and low permeability
D) Low permeability and high potability
A

High porosity and high permeability

18
Q

A perched water table develops when ________.
A) an aquifer above the regional water table is overlain by a horizontal aquitard
B) an aquitard below the regional water table lies above a horizontal aquifer
C) an aquifer below the regional water table is underlain by a horizontal aquitard
D) a horizontal aquitard above the regional water table lies below an aquifer

A

a horizontal aquitard above the regional water table lies below an aquifer

19
Q

An artesian well is one in which ________.
A) the water is warm, fairly saline, and recharged by an affluent stream
B) pressurized groundwater rises from a deep, unsaturated aquifer
C) the well is horizontal and the water table is perched
D) water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping

A

water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping

20
Q

Which one of the following statements is true for an artesian aquifer?
A) Upward flow from a permeable aquitard is prevented by a confining aquifer.
B) In deep, stream-cut valleys, many springs are fed from artesian aquifers.
C) The water table in the recharge area is at a higher elevation than the top of the aquifer in the subsurface.
D) The pressure at any point in the aquifer is considerably less than the weight of the water column between the point and the top of the aquifer.

A

The water table in the recharge area is at a higher elevation than the top of the aquifer in the subsurface.

21
Q

Which one of the following logically explains why parts of some cavern systems are aerated?
A) The caves formed and later the water table rose.
B) The main water table is perched above the cavern roofs, allowing air to enter.
C) Streams formerly flowing on the surface were diverted into the groundwater system through sinkholes.
D) A nearby, downcutting stream lowered the water table after the caves had formed.

A

A nearby, downcutting stream lowered the water table after the caves had formed.

22
Q

Which of the following can logically be concluded by speleothems/dripstone hanging from a cave roof?
A) The cave roof was below the water table when the speleothems formed.
B) The cave roof was below the water table sometime after the speleothems had formed.
C) The cave roof was above the water table when the speleothems formed.
D) The cave floor was above the water table and the roof was below the water table when the speleothems formed.

A

The cave roof was above the water table when the speleothems formed.

23
Q 
The hot spring deposits at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, are travertine. What rock probably lies somewhere beneath the hot springs?
A) limestone
B) shale
C) rhyolite
D) quartzite
A

limestone

24
Q

An aquifer is ________.
A) a layer or stratum in which groundwater flows downward to the water table
B) the porous and permeable, saturated cone of depression in an aquitard
C) a saturated, porous, and permeable layer or stratum
D) an unsaturated, influent-flow bed or stratum below a spring

A

a saturated, porous, and permeable layer or stratum

25
Q

________ would have the largest capacity to naturally remove sewage pollutants.
A) Slightly clayey sand
B) Well-sorted, coarse gravel
C) Limestone with solution channels and caverns
D) Fractured granite

A

Slightly clayey sand

26
Q

Which of the following best describes how geysers erupt?
A) Water below the water table slowly boils in a vertical crack or natural conduit, causing a plume of condensed water vapor to rise above the vent.
B) Water slowly boils in a network of vertical cracks above the water table, sending up a plume of steam and hot water.
C) Water suddenly boils in disconnected voids and cracks above the water table, causing the aquifer to explosively fragment.
D) With a slight reduction in pressure, water in a saturated, natural conduit suddenly boils, sending a plume of steam and hot water into the air above the vent.

A

With a slight reduction in pressure, water in a saturated, natural conduit suddenly boils, sending a plume of steam and hot water into the air above the vent.

27
Q 
Where are the most extensive and concentrated geothermal features in the world?
A) Iceland's Groundwater Preserve
B) Geysers Artesian Park, Japan
C) Yellowstone National Park, U. S.
D) Yosemite National Park, U. S.
A

Yellowstone National Park, U. S.

28
Q

The recharge of High Plains aquifer greatly exceed the amount being withdrawn.
1) True 2) False

A

False

29
Q

Land subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley of California is the result of sinkholes forming due to caves collapsing.
1) True 2) False

A

False

30
Q

All spring water is completely pure and safe to drink.

1) True 2) False

A

False

31
Q

In humid areas and for unconfined, groundwater conditions, the water table generally slopes toward the valley of a perennial stream.
1) True 2) False

A

True

32
Q

Most caves and caverns originate by solution of limestone.
1) True 2) False

A

True

33
Q 
Your girlfriend's sex fantasies Do Not include which of the following?
A) Master and servant
B) Santa and an elf
C) Doctor and patient
D) Professor and student
A

Santa and an elf

34
Q 
What is my favorite ice cream?
A) Rocky Road
B) Cookie Dough
C) Chocolate
D) Mint Chocolate Chip
A

Mint Chocolate Chip (I hate chocolate ice cream…it does Not taste like chocolate)

PHS 103 (7 decks)

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