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PHS 103 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Which one of the following stress situations results in folding of flat-lying, sedimentary strata?
A) horizontally directed; extensional stresses
B) vertically directed; extensional or stretching stresses
C) vertically directed; compressional stresses
D) horizontally directed; compressive stresses

A

horizontally directed; compressive stresses

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2
Q

Which one of the following is consistent with deformation by folding?
A) The crust is stretched and elongated.
B) Horizontal distance is shortened perpendicular to fold axes.
C) The crust is thinned.
D) Horizontal distance perpendicular to fold axes is lengthened.

A

Horizontal distance is shortened perpendicular to fold axes.

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3
Q 
What do you feed Nikki when she is sick and won't eat?
A) Ice Cream
B) Steak N Shake Cheese Fries
C) Vegetable Broth
D) Cheese Shells
A

Steak N Shake Fries

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4
Q 
Brittle deformation would be favored over plastic deformation in which of the following conditions?
A) high confining pressures
B) shallow depths
C) cooler temperatures
D) warmer temperatures
A

cooler temperatures

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5
Q

Which one of the following is true for anticlines but not for synclines?
A) After erosion, the younger strata are exposed along the axial region of the fold.
B) Some may be asymmetric and some may have plunging axes.
C) The deeper strata are buckled upward along the fold axis.
D) The limbs dip or are inclined towards the fold axis.

A

The deeper strata are buckled upward along the fold axis

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6
Q

A deeply eroded, structural basin would exhibit ________.
A) outcrops of the oldest strata in the center of the basin
B) older strata at the edges of a basin dip away from a central, horizontal, fold axis
C) strata dipping outward away from the center of the basin
D) strata oriented in roughly circular, outcrop patterns

A

strata oriented in roughly circular, outcrop patterns

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7
Q 
Of the following, what are the TWO best ways to get Nikki to stop being mad about something?
A) Apology + Flowers
B) Apology + Cuddles & Kisses
C) Apology + Dancing
D) Apology + Sex
E) Apology + Jewelry
A

Apology + Cuddles & Kisses
Apology + Dancing

Flowers, Jewelry, and Sex are Very Bad Ideas when I am mad

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8
Q 
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks.
A) dip slip
B) strike slip
C) oblique slip
D) stick slip
A

strike slip

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9
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are the products of horizontally directed, tensional stresses.
A) Crustal thickening
B) Reverse faults
C) Normal faults
D) Thrust faults
A

Normal faults

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10
Q

A thrust fault is best described as ________.
A) a vertical, normal fault
B) a low-angle, reverse fault
C) a near vertical, strike-slip fault
D) a steeply inclined, oblique-slip fault

A

a low-angle, reverse fault

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11
Q

A transform fault is ________.
A) a dip-slip fault connecting an anticline with a syncline
B) the rift bounding faults on a mid-ocean ridge
C) a reverse fault that steepens into a thrust fault
D) a strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between tectonic plates

A

a strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between tectonic plates

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12
Q

A syncline is ________.
A) a fold characterized by recumbent limbs
B) a fold in which the strata dip toward the axis
C) a fold in which the strata dip away from the axis
D) a fold with only one limb

A

a fold in which the strata dip toward the axis

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13
Q

In a normal fault ________.
A) the hanging wall block below an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
B) the hanging wall block above an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block
C) the footwall block above an inclined fault plane moves upward relative to the other block
D) the footwall block below an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block

A

the hanging wall block above an inclined fault plane moves downward relative to the other block

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14
Q 
In a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ fault, the hanging wall block move up with respect to the footwall block.
A) abnormal
B) normal
C) reverse
D) inverse
A

reverse

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15
Q 
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a prominent ridge formed by differential erosion of tilted, alternating hard and soft strata.
A) scarp face
B) wadi
C) mesa
D) hogback
A

hogback

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16
Q

A horst is ________.
A) an uplifted block bounded by two reverse faults
B) a downdropped block bounded by two reverse faults
C) an uplifted block bounded by two normal faults
D) a downdropped block bounded by two normal faults

A

an uplifted block bounded by two normal faults

17
Q

Which one of the following best describes the geology of the Black Hills region in South Dakota?
A) an eroded syncline with older, sedimentary strata in the axial region and younger, metamorphic rocks around the margins
B) a basin filled with folded, sedimentary rocks and thick coal beds
C) an elongate dome cored by Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks
D) a large graben deeply eroded by Pleistocene glaciers

A

an elongate dome cored by Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks

18
Q

A graben is characterized by ________.
A) a hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults
B) a hanging wall block that has moved up between two reverse faults
C) a footwall block that has moved up between two normal faults
D) a footwall block that has moved down between two reverse faults

A

a hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults

19
Q

The mountains and valleys of the Basin and Range Province of the western United States formed in response to ________.
A) tensional stresses and normal-fault movements
B) normal faulting and horizontal compression
C) strike-slip faulting and hanging wall block uplifts
D) reverse faults and large displacement, thrust faulting

A

tensional stresses and normal-fault movements

20
Q 
The geologic map of Illinois shows younger, Pennsylvanian rocks (in a roughly circular pattern) surrounded by older Paleozoic rocks. What is this structure?
A) graben
B) dome
C) basin
D) hogback
A

basin

21
Q

Jointing in rocks is characterized by ________.
A) roughly parallel fractures separating blocks that show no displacement
B) the hinge lines connecting two limbs of an anticline or syncline
C) structures formed where normal and reverse faults intersect
D) closely spaced, parallel faults along which the blocks have moved in opposite directions

A

roughly parallel fractures separating blocks that show no displacement

22
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in California is the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates.
A) San Luis Obispo thrust fault
B) Sierra Nevada frontal fault
C) San Francisco normal fault
D) San Andreas strike-slip fault
A

San Andreas strike-slip fault

23
Q

Fractures in rock that have not involved any fault slippage are called joints.
True or False

A

True

24
Q

A graben is an upraised block bounded by two reverse faults.

True or False

A

False

25
Q

Plastic deformation occurs more readily in warm rock than in cool rock.
True or False

A

True

26
Q

Basin and range topography, like that in the western and southwestern United States, indicates that compressive folding is active today or was active very recently, geologically speaking.
True or False

A

False

27
Q

Horizontal, compressive deformation involves shortening and thickening of the crust.
True or False

A

True

28
Q

One might expect to see a rock unit called the “Carbondale Formation” exposed in southern Illinois.
True or False

A

True

29
Q

In a reverse fault, the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block.
True or False

A

True

30
Q

The oldest, sedimentary rock strata are exposed along the axial parts of deeply eroded anticlines.
True or False

A

True

31
Q

Normal faults form in response to horizontal, tensional stresses that stretch or elongate the rocks.
True or False

A

True

32
Q 
Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
A) compression 
B) strain 
C) tension 
D) shear
A

strain

33
Q 
Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
A) elastic
B) ductile 
C) folding 
D) compression
A

compression

34
Q 
Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
A) normal fault 
B) reverse fault 
C) thrust fault 
D) strike-slip fault
A

strike-slip fault

PHS 103 (7 decks)

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