Chapter 13 Flashcards
What is selective breading?
A modification that allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation.
What Hybridization?
The crossing of dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms.
True or false? Hybrids are often hardier than either of the parents.
True
What is inbreeding?
The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics.
True or false. Little problems can result from excessive inbreeding.
False. Serious genetic problems can result.
How can breeders increase the mutation rate?
By using radiation and chemicals. Although mutations usually occur spontaneously.
What do scientist get out of from mutations?
Introducing mutations has allowed scientists to develop hundreds of useful bacterial strains.
What is polyploidy?
When cells have double or triple the normal number of chromosomes.
When is polyploidy good?
Only in plants. It produces new species of plants that are often larger and stronger. Polyploidy is usually fatal in animals.
What is genetic engineering?
It is when biologist make changes in the DNA code of a living organism.
How can DNA be extracted?
By simple chemical procedures (like we did in the lab).
What does a restriction enzyme do?
It cuts a DNA sequence only if it matches the sequence exactly.
What is Gel electrophoresis?
It is when DNA fragments are placed at one end of a porous gel, and a electric voltage is applied to the gel. When the power is turned on, the negatively charged DNA molecules move toward the positive end of the gel.
What can gel electrophoresis be used for?
It can be used to compare the genome of different organisms or different individuals.
What does knowing the sequence of an organism’s DNA allows researches to do?
It allows researches to study specific genes, to compare them with the genes of other organisms, and try to discover the functions of different genes and gene combinations.
