Chapter 13 Flashcards
The five countries that took an interest in exploration
- Portugal
- Spain
- France
- England
- Dutch
What term applies to the journey of the slaves from Africa to Americas?
Middle Pasage
What is an area in which a foreign country gains total control over a region and its population?
colonies
Who started a school of navigation to train sailors in Portugal?
Prince Henry
What continent was the greatest source of slaves for the slave trade of the 15th century?
Africa
What was the mark that divided the unexplored world between Spain and Portugal?
Line of Demarcation
What are the 3 reasons for exploration?
- Glory
- God
- Gold
What is the Spanish term for conqueror?
conquistador
What was a business organized by selling stock or shares in a company?
joint stock company
What two countries took the lead in exploration?
- Portugal
2. Spain
What is the extensive exchange of plants and animals between the New World and Old World?
Colombian Exchange
What is the economic theory state that there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world and in order to receive a large share of the wealth one country must take it away from another?
mercantilism
What are large agricultural estates?
plantations
What was the book written by Marco Polo about his experiences in the east?
The Travels
What was the treaty that was signed by Spain and Portugal to divide the world?
Treaty of Tordesillas
What is the idea of using Native Americans as laborers in the Spanish Empire?
encomienda
What term applies to selling more goods than a country bring in or importing less than they export?
Balance of Trade
What is the pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, Asia, and the American continents?
Triangular Trade
What term applies to the part of the continent of Asia as distinguished from the peninsula and the island, and consists of Burma, Thailand, and Cambodia?
mainland states
Who was responsible for Portugal making great gains in early exploration and establishing a trading empire?
Prince Henry
Who made four voyages to the New World for Spain and his discovery led to Spanish colonization?
Christopher Columbus
Who went looking for the Fountain of Youth and explored the area of Florida?
Juan Ponce de Leon
Who sailed for Portugal and sailed to the Cape of Good Hope and cut across the Indian Ocean and arrived at Calicut?
Vasco de Gama
Who was the ruler of the Congo who tried to convince the Portuguese to stop slave trade?
King Alfonso
Who founded Brazil for the Portuguese?
Cabral
Who started the first French settlement of Quebec?
Champlain
Who laid the first claim for the English in the New World by exploring the New England coast of America?
John Cabot
Who conquered the Incas?
Pizarro
What Spanish explorer when looking for the Seven Cities of Cibola and found the Grand Canyon?
Coronado
Whose crew was the first to circumnavigate the world?
Magellan
Who explored the American southeast for the Spanish?
Hernado de Soto
Who conquered the Aztecs?
Cortes
Who was the member of Magellan’s crew that completed the voyage?
Cano
Who ailed up the St. Lawrence River and explored the area of Eastern Canada for the French?
Cartier
Who explored and claimed California for the Spanish?
Cabrillo
Who explored for both the English and the Dutch?
Henry Hudson
Who financed the Columbus voyage?
Queen Isabella
Whose early travels to the East to the court of Kublai Khan sparked an interest in exploration?
Marco Polo
Who was the first Portuguese to sail to the tip of Africa and named the Cape of Good Hope?
Bartholomeu Dias
Who set up a port in Goa and helped Portugal to gain control of the spice trade between Asia and Europe?
Admiral Albuquerque
Who was the Italian mapmaker who sent along on some voyages and wrote letters and drew maps of the New World?
Amerigo Vespucci
Who laid the French claim in the New World when he explored the eastern coast of North America?
Verrazano
Who was the Spainard that explored in the Caribbean area and found the Great South Sea?
Balboa
Who explored the Great Lakes and claimed that area of the Mississippi River for the French?
La Salle
What was the name of the Dutch settlement in the New World?
New Netherlands
What were the two parts of the Spanish empire in the New World?
- New Spain
2. Peru
What are the three parts of the Portuguese Empire?
- East
- New World
- Africa
What was the main crop of early plantations?
sugar cane
What country created the largest empire in the New World?
Spain
What were the two areas in Africa where Europeans were able to make permanent settlements?
- South Africa
2. Mozambique
What were the four changes that led to exploration?
- technology
- political change
- economic change
- social change
What were the five reasons why people moved to the colonies?
- better opportunities
- religious freedoms
- hardship in Europe
- spread Christianity
- adventure
What are the three important parts of the Columbian Exchange?
- introduction of horse to America
- exchange of crops
- introduction of European diseases to Native Americans
Why did the Spanish Empire flourish?
- well organized
- importance of Spain in Europe
- controlled Natives
What were effects of slave trade?
- depopulated areas of Africa
- took young and strongest men
- corrupted African cultures
