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Molecular Biology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A method for repairing double-strand breaks that creates two Holliday intermediates, which must be cleaved by resolvases. The genes flanking the repair site may be unchanged or may undergo a reciprocal exchange, depending on how the crossovers are resolved.

A

double-strand break repair (DSBR)

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2
Q

Recombination between two DNA molecules of similar sequence, occurring in all cells; takes place during meiosis and mitosis in eukaryotes and during the repair of double-strand breaks in all organisms.

A

homologous recombination

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3
Q

Recombinational processes directed at the repair of DNA strand breaks or cross-links, especially at inactivated replication forks.

A

recombinational DNA repair

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4
Q

A break in the phosphodiester backbone of both strands of a double-stranded nucleic acid.

A

double-strand break (DSB)

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5
Q

An enzyme that catalyzes genetic recombination by the reciprocal exchange of short pieces of DNA between longer DNA molecules.

A

recombinase

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6
Q

The 5’ end is
degraded to produce 3’ single-stranded
extensions

A

processing of broken ends during recombination to repair DSBs

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7
Q

The pairing of a single-stranded extension of a DNA molecule with a homologous region of another DNA molecule, with displacement of one strand of the recipient molecule by the invading strand

A

DNA strand invasion

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8
Q

This procedure is made
possible by the pairing formed after the 3’
overhang invaded the homologous strand.

A DNA polymerase is responsible for this step

A

replicative extension

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9
Q

A pathway for repairing double-strand breaks that ends with the invading strands dissociating and reannealing and with the homologous DNA molecule intact. See also double-strand break repair.

A

synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA)

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10
Q

An intermediate in genetic recombination in which two double-stranded DNA molecules are joined by a reciprocal crossover involving one strand of each molecule to form a junction with four DNA branches

A

Holliday intermediate

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11
Q

A nuclease that specifically binds to and cleaves Holliday intermediates

A

Holliday junction resolvase

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12
Q

Any redistribution of genes between two homologous chromosomes that results from a chromosomal crossover

A

genetic crossover

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13
Q

Movement of the branch point in a branched DNA formed from two DNA molecules with identical sequences. See also Holliday intermediate

A

branch migration

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14
Q

A process for repairing gaps left when the replication fork bypasses a lesion

A

gap repair

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15
Q

A bacterial protein complex that prepares DNA at a double-strand break for repair. The complex has helicase activity to unwind the DNA, an endonuclease activity that creates 3′ single-stranded overhangs, and an activity that loads RecA protein on the 3′-ending single strand.

A

RecBCD

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16
Q

The sequence 5′-GCTGGTGG-3′, which alters the endonuclease activity of bound RecC in the RecBCD complex so that it preferentially degrades the 5′ end of the molecule

A

Chi

17
Q

A bacterial recombination mediator that loads RecA protein on single-strand gaps in need of repair

A

RecFOR

18
Q

A non-site-specific bacterial recombinase that binds single-stranded DNA and promotes homologous recombination. RecA protein also has co-protease activity in the autocatalytic cleavage of some transcription repressors

A

RecA protein

19
Q

Repair of UV damage.

A

Ruv

20
Q

Genes or proteins with sequence similarity. Also shorthand for homologous chromosomes

A

homologs

21
Q

A eukaryotic protein that creates double-strand breaks in DNA to initiate recombination in meiotic prophase I.

A

Spo11

22
Q

A eukaryotic recombinase structurally and functionally homologous to the RecA protein of E. coli.

A

DMC1

23
Q

A eukaryotic recombinase structurally and functionally homologous to the RecA protein of E. coli.

A

RAD51

24
Q

A nonreciprocal transfer of genetic information as an outcome of DNA repair, especially during meiosis.

A

gene conversion

25
Q

A vertebrate recombination mediator protein involved in the repair of double-strand breaks. Mutations in the gene encoding BRCA2 confer a predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer.

A

BRCA2

26
Q

In yeast, one of the two haploid forms, a and α, that can mate only with a haploid cell of the opposite type to form a diploid cell.

A

mating type

27
Q

Intron-encoded restriction endonucleases that recognize and cleave an asymmetric sequence of 12 to 40 base pairs in the cellular DNA. Repair of the break results in insertion of a copy of the intron via homologous recombination.

A

homing endonucleases

28
Q

A method for repairing double-strand breaks by joining nonhomologous DNA ends in a process that does not conserve the original sequence.

A

nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ

Molecular Biology (19 decks)

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