Chapter 13 Flashcards
The Sectional Crisis
Natural-Law
Justifications of slavery as lies
- rejected the idea that slavery was a condition that naturally suited some people and that freedom was that natural condition of human kind
Haitain Revolution (1791-1804)
People of Color
- Inspiried ideas of resistance as it demonstrated the lie of Black inferiority and potential for revolt, terrifying Americans
- Free ppl of color took it as a call of abolition and rights of citizenship denied in the U.S.
White PPL
- Used violence of this revolution to reinforce white supremacy and pro-slavery views by limiting social and political lives of ppl of color
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CONNECTION TO CHAPTER
- Exposed natural-law justifications of slavery
- helped splinter Atlantic basin in to clear zones of freedom and unfreedom (Broke assumption that African descended enslaved people could not be rulers)
- Free black communities emerged that would reignite the antislavery struggle
Missouri Compromise
An uneasy truce that perpetuated white supremacy held, even as Black resistance continued and abolitionist movement continued
- exposed how divisive the slavery issue had grown
- provided numerous points supporting anti-slavery and pro-slavery (debate on ? of black citizenship, as Missouri wanted to impose a ban on black migrants)
- Arkansas = slave, Michigan = Freer
Great Compromise
Each state would have 2 senators who could vote independently
- Created the House of Representatives and Senate alongside the three-fifths rule.
- Created the office of the President elected by an Electroral College
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CONNECTION TO CHAPTER:
Helped balance the power of slave and free states
Frederick Douglass/Harriet Tubman/Sojourner Truth
Abolitionist leadership figures
A reformer who created an autobiography and earned supporters across the Atlantic.
- Assisted in the abolitionist movement and his sucess contributed to the moral among abolitionists.
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- Joined Douglass in rousing supporters for anti-slavery
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Was a famous “conductor” on the Underground railroad leaving many enslaved people to freedom in the North
Prigg v Pennsylvania
Indicated to abolitionists that the issue of slavery could not be deferred indefinitely and that the Federal gov’t was pro-slavery** (Fed Gov. only served southern enslavers and ignored the rights of states North)**
- Fed gov. Futigive Slave Act trumped Pennsylvania’s personal liberty law
Wilmot Proviso
Prohibit slavery in the new territories gained from Mexico, but failed in the senate
Free Soil Party
Created by Antislavery Whigs which had greater political success than previous anti-slavery Liberty Parties, and had enough elected members in Congress to work as a political tipping point
- created Conscience Whigs who called for a national convention, bridging the eastern and western leadership together for an end to slavery and halt on slavery’s expansion
Compromise of 1850
Assemblage of bills passed late in 1850s that–
Caused by diverging interests of competing sections of the country becoming sharp
- attempt to balance interests and slave off conflict: to placate slave owners, created Futiive Slace Act of 1850, and right for New Mexico and Utah to determine slave status
- Placate: California as a free state, ban on slave trade in DC, Texas surrendering territory north of 36’30 line
- Kept the promises of Missouri Compromise alive
- empowered federal government to deputize citizens in arresting runaways
- created federal commisioners to determine the fate of alleged fugitives without benefit of a joury trial or court testimony
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Represented a powerful force in favor of slavery, created rules and incentives that pushed slavery’s reach into North.
- created foundation for massive expansion of federal power, alongside alarming increase in nation’s policing powers
- Bill undermined local and state laws (fostering corruption and enslavement of free black northerners)
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Promote the completition of a railroad to Chicago, hoping that the free status of Kansas would solve dispute over slavery
Abolitionists: saw Act as an overturn of Missouri Compromise and potential to expand slave territory
Helped foster political leaders (Abraham Lincoln)
Bleeding Kansas
A period of widespread gang warfare and guerilla violence used to influience political outcome
- demonstrated that sectional crisis could easily explode into full-blown national crisis
Anthony Burns
A following protest of “bleeding kansas”? Radicalized Northerners in opposition to slavery
-a slave preacher that was jailed and then captured (mobs came demanding him to be set free)
- illustrated fed gov imposing fugitive slave law on rebellious nothern pops
Republican Party
Abolitionists from the Know Nothings Party
-helped create political leaders
- promised the rise of anti-slavery coalition (threw nation into war - made gov against slavery expansion)
Know Nothings (American Party)
Powerful anti-immigrant nativist force, especially mobilized around anti-Catholicism
- sought and won office across the country in the 1850’s
- tendacy to pretend ignorance when talked about activities
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CONNNECTION TO CHAPTER:
- Nearly derailed abolitionism into anti-immigrant nativism
