Chapter 12

Question 1

Manifest Destiny

Answer 1

Expansion of the United States
Long-standing practice and belief in an inherent right of “white people” to colonize the continent and in American exceptionism was articulated by the mid-19th century as this
- linked to idealogies of racism, scientific racism
- Settler colonialism: replace og pop of a territory with new society of colonizers
- Grounded in the belief that a democratic, agrarian republic would save the world.
- encouraged expansion regardless of terrain and Indian removal act
- exposed weakness of the American system, make lack of history into basis of nationhood

Question 2

Agrarian Alliance

Answer 2

Coalition of groups interested in agriculture
* Brought together farmers, rural workers, landowners, and agricultural producers advocating policies and reforms
* Advocated policies and reforms supporting agriculture,land rights, rural development, and protection of farmer’s interest

Question 3

Civilization Fund Act of 1819

Answer 3

Offered 10,000$ annually to be allocated towards societies that funded missionary schools among Native American tribes and justified further taking of land

Question 4

Republic of Texas

Answer 4

Anglo settlers in Texas declaring independence and fighting Santa Anna’s army until victorious in 1836
- US and other nations gave the new country diplomatic recognition

Question 5

Nueces Strip

Answer 5

Sparsely populated area controlled by the Native Americans
* Pushing for more concessions of territory from Mexico.
* Was purchsased alongside New Mexico and California
* Forced to push Mexico to capitulate or provoke a response as a pretext for war

Question 6

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 6

Mexio agreeing to surrender territory that would become most of the states of mountain West and California

Question 7

Comanche

Answer 7

Dominant power in the southern plains
* Transitioned from a foraging economy into a mixed hunting and pastoral society
* dominated other Native American groups
* controlled flow of commodities, including captvies, livestock, and trade goods

Question 8

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 8

Declared that the United States considered its entire hemisphere, both North and South America, off limits to new European colonization.
- Asserted the right to control events and commerce throughout the hemisphere, especially Latin America
- limited military power kept Monroe Doctrine as an aspirational assertion

Question 9

Filibustering

Answer 9

Involved privately financed schemes directed at capturing and occupying foreign territory without approval of the U.S. government
Create footholds for annexation of territory and expansion of slavery in Latin America